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Aug 15, 2020 · Most bacteria have one or two circular chromosomes. Humans, along with other animals and plants, have linear chromosomes that are arranged in pairs within the nucleus of the cell. The only human cells that do not contain pairs of chromosomes are reproductive cells, or gametes, which carry just one copy of each chromosome.
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Chromosomes are threadlike structures made of protein and a...
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A chromosome is a string of DNA wrapped around associated proteins that give the connected nucleic acid bases a structure. During interphase of the cell cycle, the chromosome exists in a loose structure, so proteins can be translated from the DNA and the DNA can be replicated. During mitosis and meiosis, the chromosome becomes condensed, to be orga...
The chromosome holds not only the genetic code, but many of the proteins responsible for helping express it. Its complex form and structure dictate how often genes can be translated into proteins, and which genes are translated. This process is known as gene expressionand is responsible for creating organisms. Depending on how densely packed the ch...
As seen in the graphic above, chromosomes have a very complex structure. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acidmakes the base of the structure, as seen on the far left. DNA is made of a two strings of nucleic acid base pairs. The base pairs in DNA are cytosine, adenine, thymine, and guanine. The spiral structure formed by the two strings of DNA is due to co...
Prokaryote Replication
When a single bacteria cell has reached a large enough size, it can reproduce asexually. Although there are no membranes that separate individual organelles in bacteria, the cell will duplicate its DNA and and special chemicals it needs to survive. The DNA exists in a single chromosome, sometimes called a genophore, which is replicated by the individual strands being separated and polymerase building new, corresponding strands. The two chromosomes are separated into individual cells, and the...
Eukaryote Replication
A much more complicated view of chromosomes is present in eukaryotes. In eukaryotes, the DNA is replicated at the end of interphase, the part of the cell cycle in which the cell grows and functions. Much like in the prokaryotes, the DNA strands are separated and new strands are created by enzymes. However, in eukaryotes, there are multiple chromosomes. The new chromosomes remain connected at the centromere, a structure that allows microtubules to connect and holds chromosomes together. These...
Chromatin– DNA and its associated proteins, of which chromosomes are a part.Sister Chromatid– The still connected copies of a chromosome, which will be separated into individual chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis or anaphase II of meiosis.Homologous Chromosomes– Pairs of chromosomes from separate parents that contain the same genetic information, which are separated in anaphase I of meiosis.Sister Chromosome– One of the two new chromosomes created during DNA replication, which are now separated from each other and will soon be in different cells.1. A species has 6 homologous chromosome pairs in somatic, non-gamete cells. How many chromosomes are present in the gamete cells? How many homologous pairs? A. 6 chromosomes, 6 homologous pairs B. 12 chromosomes, 3 homologous pairs C.6 chromosomes, no homologous pairs 2. The DNA has been replicated in a cell containing 4 chromosomes. The cell is g...
Certain genetic traits are linked to a person's sex and are passed on through the sex chromosomes. The autosomes contain the rest of the genetic hereditary information. All act in the same way during cell division. Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes), giving a total of 46 per cell.
3 days ago · Chromosomes are threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell. In plants and animals (including humans), chromosomes reside in the nucleus of cells. Humans have 22 pairs of numbered chromosomes (autosomes) and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY), for a total ...
A chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes. Every normal human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. A trait is any gene-determined characteristic and is often determined by more than one gene. Some traits are caused by mutated genes that are inherited or that are the result of a new gene mutation.
Jan 19, 2021 · Most of what researchers know about chromosomes was learned by observing chromosomes during cell division. Each chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections, or “arms.” The short arm of the chromosome is labeled the “p arm.” The long arm of the chromosome is labeled the “q ...
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Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in total): one set comes from each biological parent; One pair are the sex chromosomes, called the X and Y chromosomes. People with XX are usually assigned female at birth while people with XY are usually assigned male at birth. Though rare, other combinations of sex chromosomes are possible.
