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The QRS complex (ventricular complex): normal and abnormal configurations and intervals. A complete QRS complex consists of a Q-, R- and S-wave. However, all three waves may not be visible and there is always variation between the leads. Some leads may display all waves, whereas others might only display one of the waves.
- P-Wave, PR Interval, PR Segment
The P-wave is virtually always positive in leads aVL, aVF,...
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Basic anatomy & physiology; Introduction to ECG...
- P-Wave, PR Interval, PR Segment
You will also have seen a small negative wave following the large R wave. This is known as an S wave and represents depolarisation in the Purkinje fibres. The S wave travels in the opposite direction to the large R wave because, as can be seen on the earlier picture, the Purkinje fibres spread throughout the ventricles from top to bottom and then back up through the walls of the ventricles.
S Wave. By Steven Lome, MD. The S wave is the first downward deflection of the QRS complex that occurs after the R wave. However, a S wave may not be present in all ECG leads in a given patient ...
May 19, 2024 · R' and S' waves: when more than a R or S wave are present, they are referred to as R’ wave and S’ wave. Remember: if in the QRS complex there’s a minimal initial positive wave, no matter how small it might be, this is an R wave. The following negative wave should be an S wave, not a Q wave. Confusing the two is a common mistake.
- Rhythm. Assess ventricular (RR intervals) and atrial (PP intervals) rate and rhythm: Is ventricular rhythm regular? What is the ventricular rate (beats/min)?
- P-wave morphology and PR interval. Assess P-wave morphology and PR interval. P-wave is always positive in lead II (actually always positive in leads II, III and aVF).
- QRS complex. Assess QRS duration, amplitudes, Q-waves, R-wave progression and axis. QRS duration must be <0,12 s (normally 0,07-0,10 s). There must be at least one limb lead with R-wave amplitude >5 mm and at least one chest (precordial) lead with R-wave amplitude >10 mm; otherwise, there is low voltage.
- ST segment. Assess the ST segment (morphology, depression, elevation) The ST segment should be flat and isoelectric (at level with the baseline). It may be slightly upsloping at the transition with the T-wave.
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a recording of the heart’s electrical activity as a graph over a period of time, as detected by electrodes attached to the outer surface of the skin and recorded by a device external to the body. The graph can show the heart’s rate and rhythm. It can also detect enlargement of the heart, decreased blood ...
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A waveform is just a schematic that helps us understand sound waves. They measure an air molecule's displacement over time. We can adjust the amplitude of a waveform to make it louder/quieter, and we can adjust the frequency of a waveform to make the pitch higher/lower. 2. How Sound Works.
