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Glucocorticoids have massive and far-reaching effects on the body and brain, including increases in blood pressure, increased glucose circulation, decreased reproductive axis output, complex effects on immune functions and various other effects (step 5 in Figure 12.12). In addition to glucocorticoids, the adrenal gland also produces epinephrine and various other hormones from cells in the ...
May 7, 2024 · Any physical or psychological stimuli that disrupt homeostasis result in a stress response. The stimuli are called stressors, and physiological and behavioral changes in response to exposure to stressors constitute the stress response.
- Brianna Chu, Komal Marwaha, Terrence Sanvictores, Derek Ayers
- 2024/05/07
- 2019
Apr 5, 2023 · Stress can affect several parts of the body, including the head, heart, stomach, back, and shoulders. Stress triggers the body’s “fight-or-flight” response, which causes a surge of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.
Oct 17, 2020 · Dysregulation of the stress system (hyper- or hypo-activation) in association with potent and/or chronic stress can markedly disrupt the body homeostasis leading to a state of cacostasis or allostasis, with a spectrum of clinical manifestations.
- Constantine Tsigos, Ioannis Kyrou, Eva Kassi, George P. Chrousos
- 2020/10/17
- 2016
Jun 27, 2019 · In chronic stress, hypothalamic activation of the pituitary changes from corticotropin-releasing hormone-dominant to arginine vasopressin-dominant, and cortisol levels remain raised due at...
- Georgina Russell, Stafford Lightman
- 2019
Mast cells play a crucial role in stress-induced effects on the GI system, because they cause neurotransmitters and other chemical factors to be released that affect the function of the GI system (Konturek et al., 2011).
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Apr 3, 2024 · Pulse rate and blood pressure go up. The person undergoing these changes also starts to breathe more rapidly. Small airways in the lungs open wide. This way, the lungs can take in as much oxygen as possible with each breath. Extra oxygen is sent to the brain, increasing alertness.
