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A star forms from massive clouds of dust and gas in space, also known as a nebula. Nebulae are mostly composed of hydrogen. Gravity begins to pull the dust and gas together. As the mass falls ...
e. a white dwarf. 4. 2. If the Sun were to be instantly replaced by a 1 M black hole, the gravitational pull of the black hole on Earth. would be. a. much greater than it is now. b. the same as it is now. c. much smaller than it is now. d. larger or smaller, depending on the location of the Moon.
Stars populate the universe with elements through their “lifecycle”—an ongoing process of formation, burning fuel, and dispersal of material when all the fuel is used up. Different stars take different paths, however, depending on how much matter they contain—their mass. A star’s mass depends on how much hydrogen gas is brought ...
- Stage 1: A Giant Cloud of Gas
- Stage 2: The Protostar
- Stage 3: The T-Tauri Star
- Stage 4: The Main Sequence
- Stage 5: The Red Giant
- Stage 6: White Dwarves and Supernovas
Above: The Helix Nebula, located 700 lightyears away from Earth. Image Credit: NASA Stars begin their life cycles as clouds of gas and dust within a vast expanse of stellar debris called a nebula, formed from the gas and dust expelled by the explosion of a dying massive star. Once formed, a nebula becomes a region in space, often several times larg...
Above: A protostar forms an hourglass as the gas cloud contracts into the protostar's core. Image Credit: NASA In the second stage of a star's life cycle, the giant gas cloud collapses in on itself forming a protostar. The matter at the center of the cloud compresses into a hot, dense core. This core continues to pull in matter from the surrounding...
Above: Artist's rendition of a T-tauri star. Image Credit: Wikipedia The T-tauri stage, named for a star discovered in the Taurus constellation way back in 1852, begins once a protostar has collected enough material from the surrounding dust cloud to trigger a process called gravitational collapse. At this point, the gravitational pull of the proto...
Above: The sun entered the main sequence stage over 4.5 billion years ago. Image Credit: NASA After a hundred million years of gravitational collapse a T-tauri star's core reaches one million degrees Kelvin, igniting a fusion reaction. In the fourth stage of its life cycle, a Main Sequence star is sustained by the fusion reaction of hydrogen into h...
Above: The size of a red giant relative to the size of our sun. Image Credit: Daniel Huber Eventually, after billions and billions of years, a main sequence star runs out of hydrogen fuel and can no longer sustain the fusion reaction taking place inside its core. The hydrogen fuel runs out, the hydrogen-helium fusion reaction stalls, and the core s...
A star can remain a red giant until the remaining supply of helium in its core runs out. Then it transitions into the final stage of its life cycle. Depending on the size and solar mass of the star, its life will end in one of two ways: as a white dwarf star or as a supernova explosion. Above: Image of a white dwarf star. Image credit: BBC Sky Maga...
Once Newton boldly hypothesized that there was a universal attraction among all bodies everywhere in space, he had to determine the exact nature of the attraction. The precise mathematical description of that gravitational force had to dictate that the planets move exactly as Kepler had described them to (as expressed in Kepler’s three laws).
3.3 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Newton’s laws of motion show that objects at rest will stay at rest and those in motion will continue moving uniformly in a straight line unless acted upon by a force. Thus, it is the straight line that defines the most natural state of motion.
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Jan 6, 2022 · Gravity is a pulling force (always a force of attraction) between every object in the universe (every bit of matter, everything that has some mass) and every other object. It's a bit like an invisible magnetic pull, but there's no magnetism involved. Some people like to call this force gravitation and reserve the word gravity for the special ...
