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    • The Three Main Types of Variables – Independent, Dependent, and Controlled
    • Confounding Variables
    • Other Types of Variables
    • References

    An experiment examines whether or not there is a relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The independent variable is the one factor a researcher intentionally changes or manipulates. The dependent variableis the factor that is measured, to see how it responds to the independent variable. For example, consider an experiment loo...

    A confounding variableis a variable that has a hidden effect on the results. Sometimes, once you identify a confounding variable, you can turn it into a controlled variable in a later experiment. In the coffee experiment, examples of confounding variables include a subject’s sensitivity to caffeine and the time of day that you conduct the experimen...

    Other types of variables get their names from special properties: 1. Binary variable: A binary variable has exactly two states. Examples include on/off and heads/tails. 2. Categorical or qualitative variable: A categorical or qualitative variable is one that does not have a numerical value. For example, if you compare the health benefits of walking...

    Babbie, Earl R. (2009). The Practice of Social Research(12th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing. ISBN 0-495-59841-0.
    Creswell, John W. (2018). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research(6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN 978-0134519364.
    Dodge, Y. (2008). The Concise Encyclopedia of Statistics. Springer Reference. ISBN 978-0397518371.
    Given, Lisa M. (2008). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-4163-1.
  1. May 6, 2020 · The independent variable is the factor the researcher changes or controls in an experiment. It is called independent because it does not depend on any other variable. The independent variable may be called the “controlled variable” because it is the one that is changed or controlled.

  2. In an experiment, all of the things that can change are called variables. There are three types of variables in a good experiment: independent variables, dependent variables, and controlled variables.

  3. The “variables” are any factor, trait, or condition that can be changed in the experiment and that can have an effect on the outcome of the experiment. An experiment can have three kinds of variables: independent, dependent, and controlled. The independent variable is one single factor that is changed by the scientist followed by ...

  4. Jan 30, 2020 · Variables are an important part of science projects and experiments. What is a variable? Basically, a variable is any factor that can be controlled, changed, or measured in an experiment. Scientific experiments have several types of variables.

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  6. Scientists use the scientific method to design an experiment so that they can observe or measure if changes to one thing cause something else to vary in a repeatable way. These factors that change in a scientific experiment are variables.

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