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Dec 16, 2021 · Functional groups are the most reactive parts in organic compounds, and determine the major properties of compounds. The summary of common functional groups is included in Table 2.2. Knowing the functional groups well is one of the fundamental skills required for this course.
- Nomenclature of Alkanes
IUPAC NOMENCLATURE of ALKANES. Identify the longest...
- Nomenclature of Alkanes
- Alkenes and alkynes. Later, we will study the nature of the bonding on alkenes and alkynes, and learn that that the bonding in alkenes is trigonal planar in in alkynes is linear.
- Aromatics. When the carbon of an alkane is bonded to one or more halogens, the group is referred to as a alkyl halide or haloalkane. Chloroform is a useful solvent in the laboratory, and was one of the earlier anesthetic drugs used in surgery.
- Amines. Note: Do not be confused by how the terms ‘primary’, ‘secondary’, and ‘tertiary’ are applied to alcohols and amines – the definitions are different.
- Organic phosphates. There are a number of functional groups that contain a carbon-oxygen double bond, which is commonly referred to as a carbonyl. Ketones and aldehydes are two closely related carbonyl-based functional groups that react in very similar ways.
Identify the different functional groups present in organic molecules. Functional groups are structural units within organic compounds defined by specific bonding arrangements between specific atoms. Many, but not all, functional groups contain heteroatoms: atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.
Aug 14, 2020 · Functional groups are structural units that determine the chemical reactivity of a molecule under a given set of conditions. Organic compounds are classified into several major categories based on the functional groups they contain.
- Functional Groups
- Alcohols
- Ethers
- Aldehydes and Ketones
- Carboxylic Acids
- Esters
- Amines
Functional groups refer to specific atoms bonded in a certain arrangement that give a compound certain physical and chemical properties.
Alcohols are functional groups characterized by the presence of an -OH-OHgroup. Alcohols are organic compounds in which the hydroxyl functional group (-OH-OH) is bound to a carbon atom. Alcohols are an important class of molecules with many scientific, medical, and industrial uses.
Ethers are a class of organic compounds characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.
Aldehydes and ketones are classes of organic compounds that contain a carbonyl (C=OC=O) group. In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group which has a carbon double bonded to an oxygen atom: C=OC=O.
Carboxylic acids are organic acids that contain a carbon atom that participates in both a hydroxyl and a carbonyl functional group. A carboxyl group (COOHCOOH) is a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group (C=OC=O) with a hydroxyl group (O-HO-H) attached to the same carbon atom. Carboxyl groups have the formula -C(=O)OH-C(=O)OH, usually writ...
Esters are functional groups produced from the condensation of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid, and are named based on these components. Esters are an important functional group in organic chemistry, and they are generally written RCOOR’RCOOR’ or RCO2R’RCO2R’. As usual, RR and R’R’ are both alkyl groups or groups initiating with carbon. Esters ar...
Amines are compounds characterized by the presence of a nitrogen atom, a lone pair of electrons, and three substituents. The amine functional group contains a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons. As such, the group is derivative of ammonia, in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a carbon-containing substituent. Comp...
Feb 28, 2021 · A functional group can participate in specific chemical reactions. Some of the important functional groups in biological molecules include: hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl groups.
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Functional groups are structural units within organic compounds that are defined by specific bonding arrangements between specific atoms. For example the structure of capsaicin, found in chili peppers, incorporates several functional groups, labeled in the figure below and explained throughout this section.
