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In modern grammar, a particle is a function word that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning, i.e., it does not have its own lexical definition.
- Examples and Observations
- The Escape Category
- Discourse Particles
- Particles in Tagmemics
"Particles are short words...that with just one or two exceptions are all prepositions unaccompanied by any complement of their own. Some of the most common prepositions belonging to the particle category: along, away, back, by, down, forward, in, off, on, out, over, round, under, up." (Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey Pullum. A Student's Introducti...
"Particle is...something of an 'escape (or cop-out) category' for grammarians. 'If it's small and you don't know what to call it, call it a particle' seems to be the practice; and a very useful practice it is, too, as it avoids pushing words into categories in which they do not properly belong... "Do not confuse 'particle' with the similar-looking ...
"Well and nowin English... have been referred to as discourse particles, for example by Hansen (1998). Discourse particles are placed with great precision at different places in the discourse and give important clues to how discourse is segmented and processed... "Discourse particles are different from ordinary words in the language because of the...
"The tagmemics system works on the assumption that any subject can be treated as a particle, as a wave, or as a field. A particle is a simple definition of a static, unchanging, object (e.g., a word, a phrase, or a text as a whole)... "A wave is a description of an evolving object... A field is a description of a generic object in a large plane of ...
- Richard Nordquist
Prepositions are most commonly followed by a noun phrase, a pronoun or the -ing form of a verb. A particle is a word, normally an adverb, added to a verb to form a phrasal verb: He looked up. The plane took off. Click on a topic to learn more about prepositions and particles.
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Is a word a particle?
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Oct 13, 2014 · Generally speaking, a particle is a word that doesn’t belong to the usual classes of words like noun, verb, pronoun, etc. Authorities disagree as to which words to call “particles,” but most agree that the to of an infinitive and the words that look like adverbs or prepositions in a phrasal verb are particles.
