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Answer: While it was once believed that cats with kidney disease should be fed a low-protein diet, current research suggests that moderate amounts of high-quality protein are important for cats with kidney disease. It is important to consult with a veterinarian to determine the best diet for your cat 's individual needs.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common kidney-based disease in cats. Waste products are normally filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in the urine, but cats with CKD will end up with an accumulation of these waste products in the bloodstream as the filtering process breaks down. CKD occurs on a spectrum, progressing through four stages with each subsequent stage ...
Oct 17, 2024 · 2. High Prices. Prescription food, or special diet food, is notoriously expensive! You can try coupon clipping or look for sales, but taking care of a cat with kidney disease can still be pricey.
- Kathryn Copeland
- Efficacy of Therapeutic Diets
- Key Nutrients For CKD
- Dietary Protein
- Dietary Phosphorus
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- Dietary Sodium
- Dietary Potassium
- Other Dietary Components
- Feeding A Patient with CKD
- In Summary
Therapeutic kidney diets are used to improve a patient’s quality of life by controlling signs of uremia and increasing life span by altering disease progression. Double-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trials have compared the effectiveness of diets formulated for CKD with adult maintenance diets in dogs and cats. The studies evaluated char...
Key nutrients that need to be considered when feeding patients with CKD include: 1. Protein 2. Phosphorus 3. Omega-3 fatty acids 4. Sodium 5. Potassium. Additional nutrient considerations include fat, acid–base balance, antioxidants, and fiber. In the November/December 2015 issue of Today’s Veterinary Practice, the article—The Protein Paradigm: Ass...
Protein restricted diets are commonly recommended for the management of CKD in both cats and dogs. The primary reasons a protein restricted diet is recommended include reduction in nitrogenous wastes and glomerular proteinuria. Nitrogenous wastes can contribute to: 1. Clinical signs associated with azotemia and uremia 2. Polyuria and polydipsia; re...
Phosphorus retention and subsequent hyperphosphatemia are common in patients with CKD due to decreased glomerular filtration. This results in renal secondary hyperparathyroidism and calcitriol deficiency, and can lead to soft tissue mineralization and fibrous osteodystrophy.
Supplementation with polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) exerts renoprotective effects.
Reducing sodium intake may be beneficial in patients with CKD due to sodium retention and the potential for systemic arterial hypertension. At this time, no evidence suggests that decreasing dietary sodium reduces arterial blood pressure in cats and dogs. Recent studies in healthy aged cats without CKD did not demonstrate an effect of a high sodium...
Hypokalemia in Cats
Hypokalemia is common in cats with CKD, and diets formulated for CKD may provide supplemental potassium beyond that added to maintenance diets. The typical potassium content of therapeutic kidney diets for cats ranges from 1.4 to 2.6 g/1000 kcal. Maintaining the plasma potassium concentration in the middle or upper half of the laboratory reference range is recommended. Oral supplementation with potassium gluconate (2 mEq/kg PO Q 12 H) or potassium citrate (75 mg/kg PO Q 12 H) is recommended i...
Hyperkalemia in Dogs
Although hyperkalemia is typically associated with acute kidney failure, it may be a complication in some dogs with CKD. Hyperkalemia has been corrected in dogs with CKD by feeding home-prepared potassium reduced diets (0.91 ± 0.14 g/1000 kcal).29Therapeutic kidney diets for dogs contain 0.8 to 2.1 g/1000 kcal; therefore, some (although limited) commercial therapeutic kidney diets provide potassium within a range reported to correct hyperkalemia in dogs. Consultation with a board-certified ve...
Therapeutic kidney diets also feature the following characteristics: 1. Calorie dense and moderate to high levels of dietary fat; these characteristics promote increased caloric intake in animals that may be prone to hyporexia and help maintain palatability when protein is reduced 2. Supplementation with alkalinizing agents, such as potassium citra...
Therapeutic Diets
Several therapeutic kidney diets in a variety of forms, flavors, and textures are available for both cats and dogs. Introducing a patient to a therapeutic kidney diet is recommended before signs of uremia occur, although this is not always possible. Samples of various therapeutic diets should be sent home with patients to establish their preferences after diagnosis. Use caution when introducing a therapeutic kidney diet to a hospitalized patient because this may lead to aversion to a diet sug...
Feeding Tubes
Feeding tubes can be useful, especially with patients in uremic crisis. Liquid enteral formulations within the recommended nutrient criteria are advised for nasoesophageal or nasogastric feeding tubes. When esophagostomy or gastrostomy feeding tubes are in place, a slurry of a canned therapeutic diet is recommended. To improve the caloric density of a slurry and decrease the volume of slurry administered, use of a liquid enteral diet rather than water is recommended to create a slurry with th...
Home-Prepared Diets
A home-prepared diet may be useful in patients with poor or selective appetites. Referral to a board-certified veterinary nutritionist is recommended for formulation. Evaluation of home-prepared diets from books and websites has revealed many inadequacies; therefore, these diets are not recommended.30These inadequacies include: 1. Lack of specificity for ingredients and supplements 2. No specification for type or severity of disease 3. Inadequate protein, or deficiency in at least one amino a...
Nutritional intervention in a cat or dog with CKD can greatly affect morbidity and mortality. Diet selection should be based on a complete nutritional assessment of the patient, including staging the patient’s CKD. Supplementation with the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA is recommended if the diet does not provide those nutrients. Patients with a p...
Feb 8, 2024 · Chronic kidney disease is diagnosed in approximately 1 in 3 cats over 10 years of age. Although there are acquired causes, in most cases the cause for this condition is unknown. Based on clinical exams and laboratory tests performed by your veterinarian, chronic kidney disease in cats can be staged (from stage 1 to stage 4) and managed with a combination of medical treatments and therapeutic ...
The approach to nutritional management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats has changed significantly over the past 2 decades. In the past, cats typically were diagnosed as having late-stage kidney “failure,” or what would now be classified as International Renal Interest Society (IRIS; iris-kidney.com) later stage 3 or stage 4, when clinical signs such as anorexia, lethargy, and weight ...
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week 1: 25% kidney diet, 75% original diet. week 2: 50% kidney diet, 50% original diet. week 3: 75% kidney diet, 25% original diet. week 4: 100% kidney diet. To minimize confusion and maximize compliance, ask the owner to bring in the cat's previous diet and make pre-mixed bags labelled with the appropriate week.
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