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What is a quality indicator?
What are Health Care Quality Indicators?
What are AHRQ Quality Indicators?
Should quality indicators be used with care?
Jul 20, 2021 · The concept of content validity and its component criteria help assessing whether conclusions based on a set of indicators are valid conclusions about the targeted construct. To develop a valid indicator set, careful definition of the targeted construct including its (sub-)domains is paramount.
- Laura Schang, Iris Blotenberg, Dennis Boywitt
- 10.1093/intqhc/mzab107
- 2021
- Int J Qual Health Care. 2021; 33(3): mzab107.
What Are the AHRQ Quality Indicators? The Quality Indicators (QIs) developed and maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) are one response to the need for multidimensional, accessible quality measures that can be used to gage performance in health care.
- Marybeth Farquhar
- 2008/04
- 2008
- Definitions
- Key Characteristics of An Ideal Indicator
- Types of Indicators
- Rate-Based Versus Sentinel Indicators
- Indicators Related to Structure, Process, and Outcome
- Structural Indicators
- Process Indicators
- Outcome Indicators
- Risk Adjustment
- Structure, Process, and Outcome: Which Measures Should Be Chosen?
Quality of care can be defined as ‘the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge’ , and can be divided into different dimensions according to the aspects of care being assessed . This paper will focus on clinical indicator...
An ideal indicator would have the following key characteristics: (i) indicator is based on agreed definitions, and described exhaustively and exclusively; (ii) indicator is highly or optimally specific and sensitive, i.e. it detects few false positives and false negatives; (iii) indicator is valid and reliable; (iv) indicator discriminates well; (v...
Table 1lists a few different classifications of indicators that may be useful when considering which should be used for a given purpose.
A rate-based indicator uses data about events that are expected to occur with some frequency. These can be expressed as proportions or rates (proportions within a given time period), ratios, or mean values for a sample population. To permit comparisons among providers or trends over time, proportion- or rate-based indicators need both a numerator a...
Indicators can be related to structure, process, or outcome of health care [13,14]. ‘Structure’ denotes the attributes of the settings in which care occurs. This includes the attributes of material resources (such as facilities, equipment, and financing), of human resources (such as the number and qualifications of personnel), and of organizational...
‘Structure’ refers to health system characteristics that affect the system’s ability to meet the health care needs of individual patients or a community. Structural indicators describe the type and amount of resources used by a health system or organization to deliver programs and services, and they relate to the presence or number of staff, client...
Process indicators assess what the provider did for the patient and how well it was done. Processes are a series of inter-related activities undertaken to achieve objectives. Process indicators measure the activities and tasks in patient episodes of care. Examples of process indicators are listed in Table 3. Some authors include the patient’s activ...
Outcomes are states of health or events that follow care, and that may be affected by health care. An ideal outcome indicator would capture the effect of care processes on the health and wellbeing of patients and populations. Outcomes can be expressed as ‘The five Ds’ : (i) death: a bad outcome if untimely; (ii) disease: symptoms, physical signs, a...
In most cases, multiple factors contribute to a patient’s survival and health outcomes. Figure 1 illustrates potential factors that might contribute to the outcome of care [4,19]. Therefore, outcome measures must be adjusted for factors outside the health system, if fair comparisons are to be made. In quality assessment, components that relate to t...
Of the structural indicators, measures that predict variations in processes or outcomes of care have the greatest utility, and such measures often focus on hospital or provider characteristics . Regarding pediatric quality of care, one consistent finding has been that hospitals caring for higher volumes of patients with similar conditions have bett...
- Jan Mainz
- 2003
Jun 13, 2012 · Quality indicators are one of the quality management system (QMS) tools to monitor and control efficiency of the system key segments, while the results collected serve as a basis for implementation of corrective measures and continuous quality improvement.
- T. Vuk
- 2012
Quality indicators (QI) are measures which flag potential quality issues that may need further review and investigation. They are used for a variety of purposes, including by care providers to monitor trends and improve care, by governments to monitor care, and for public reporting.
- 204KB
- 26
AHRQ Quality Indicators (Qis) are standardized, evidence-based measures of health care quality that can be used with readily available hospital inpatient administrative data to measure and track clinical performance and outcomes.
Quality Indicators . Key indicators monitor activities critical to patient outcome that often affect many patients. Laboratories document evaluation of indicators by regularly comparing performance against defined thresholds for performance and available published benchmarks.
