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Peat
- An organic horizon developed mainly from bog vegetation; it is more commonly called peat. These materials are usually water saturated.
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Feb 17, 2023 · Soil Horizons. The soil is the topmost layer of the earth’s crust consisting of air, water, inorganic minerals (rock, sand, clay, and slit), and organic matter (dead plants and animals). It forms the source of food for plants.
The horizon description system begins by splitting soil horizons into two distinct groups: organic and mineral horizons. Organic horizons are those that contain 17% or more organic carbon; mineral horizons have less than 17% organic carbon.
Jun 7, 2020 · The soil horizon, O, starts at the topsoil and the other horizons are below it. Horizon R is the deepest horizon, which represents the bedrock at the bottom of the soil, but it is not actually a component of the soil and consists mainly of rock.
Aug 20, 2024 · The B horizon (subsoil) consists of small particles that have moved downward, resulting in a dense layer in the soil (Figure \(\PageIndex{8}\)). In some soils, the B horizon contains nodules or a layer of calcium carbonate. The subsoil is usually lighter in color than topsoil and often contains an accumulation of minerals.
Most soils have three major horizons (A, B, C) and some have an organic horizon (O). The horizons are: O (humus or organic): Mostly organic matter such as decomposing leaves. The O horizon is thin in some soils, thick in others, and not present at all in others.
The B horizon (subsoil) consists of small particles that have moved downward, resulting in a dense layer in the soil. In some soils, the B horizon contains nodules or a layer of calcium carbonate. The subsoil is usually lighter in color that topsoil and often contains an accumulation of minerals.
A soil layer is a zone in the soil, approximately parallel to the soil surface, with properties different from layers above and/or below it. If at least one of these properties is the result of soil-forming processes, the layer is called a soil horizon.
