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Sep 29, 2022 · The human brain is often sectioned (cut) and viewed from different directions and angles. Each point of view provides an altered perspective of the brain that changes the appearance of the major divisions, landmarks, and structures.
- Visual Cortex
Ganglion cell neurons carry the visual signals generated by...
- Visual Cortex
This interactive brain model is powered by the Wellcome Trust and developed by Matt Wimsatt and Jack Simpson; reviewed by John Morrison, Patrick Hof, and Edward Lein. Structure descriptions were written by Levi Gadye and Alexis Wnuk and Jane Roskams .
One of the most specific but also challenging properties of the brain is its topographic organization into distinct modules or cortical areas. In this paper, we first review the concept of topographic organization and its historical development.
1.4.1 Connect the embryological divisions of the brain to their adult derivatives. 1.4.2 Describe and explain the basic structure and function of the cerebrum, limbic system, basal ganglia, the diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum. As described earlier, during the development of the central nervous system at about 50 days post conception, 5 ...
- Histology
- Hindbrain
- Midbrain
- Forebrain
- Meninges
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
Brain cells can be broken into two groups: neurons and neuroglia. Neurons, or nerve cells, are the cells that perform all of the communication and processing within the brain. Sensory neurons entering the brain from the peripheral nervous system deliver information about the condition of the body and its surroundings. Most of the neurons in the bra...
Brainstem
Connecting the brain to the spinal cord, the brainstem is the most inferior portion of our brain. Many of the most basic survival functions of the brain are controlled by the brainstem. The brainstem is made of three regions: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain. A net-like structure of mixed gray and white matter known as the reticular formation is found in all three regions of the brainstem. The reticular formation controls muscle tone in the body and acts as the switch between...
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is a wrinkled, hemispherical region of the brain located posterior to the brainstem and inferior to the cerebrum. The outer layer of the cerebellum, known as the cerebellar cortex, is made of tightly folded gray matter that provides the processing power of the cerebellum. Deep to the cerebellar cortex is a tree-shaped layer of white matter called the arbor vitae, which means 'tree of life'. The arbor vitae connects the processing regions of cerebellar cortex to the rest of the...
The midbrain, also known as the mesencephalon, is the most superior region of the brainstem. Found between the pons and the diencephalon, the midbrain can be further subdivided into 2 main regions: the tectum and the cerebral peduncles. 1. The tectumis the posterior region of the midbrain, containing relays for reflexes that involve auditory and vi...
Diencephalon
Superior and anterior to the midbrain is the region known as the interbrain, or diencephalon. The thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal glands make up the major regions of the diencephalon. 1. The thalamusconsists of a pair of oval masses of gray matter inferior to the lateral ventricles and surrounding the third ventricle. Sensory neurons entering the brain from the peripheral nervous system form relays with neurons in the thalamus that continue on to the cerebral cortex. In this way the thalam...
Cerebrum
The largest region of the human brain, our cerebrum controls higher brain functions such as language, logic, reasoning, and creativity. The cerebrum surrounds the diencephalon and is located superior to the cerebellum and brainstem. A deep furrow known as the longitudinal fissure runs midsagittally down the center of the cerebrum, dividing the cerebrum into the left and right hemispheres. Each hemisphere can be further divided into 4 lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. The lobe...
Three layers of tissue, collectively known as the meninges, surround and protect the brain and spinal cord. 1. The dura materforms the leathery, outermost layer of the meninges. Dense irregular connective tissue made of tough collagen fibers gives the dura mater its strength. The dura mater forms a pocket around the brain and spinal cord to hold th...
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) --- a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord --- provides many important functions to the central nervous system. Rather than being firmly anchored to their surrounding bones, the brain and spinal cord float within the CSF. CSF fills the subarachnoid space and exerts pressure on the outside of the brain and s...
Jun 1, 2007 · Topographic maps are defined as sets of systematic axonal connections from one neural region to another that preserve (or precisely invert) the spatial relationship between neurons; cells that are close together on the sending surface project to regions that are close together on the target surface.
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The brain directs our body’s internal functions. It also integrates sensory impulses and information to form perceptions, thoughts, and memories. The brain gives us self-awareness and the ability to speak and move in the world.
