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Map based on mapping from Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Magellan. The Venera (Russian: Вене́ра, pronounced [vʲɪˈnʲɛrə] 'Venus') program was a series of space probes developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984 to gather information about the planet Venus. Thirteen probes successfully entered the Venusian atmosphere, including ...
From 1961 to 1984, the Soviet Union developed the Venera probes for surface mapping by radar. The Venera 4 (on October 18, 1967) was the first lander to make a soft landing on Venus (also the first for another planetary object). The probe operated for about 23 minutes before being destroyed by the Venusian atmosphere.
May 21, 2024 · The Venera were a series of Soviet space probes launched between 1963 and 1981. Their target was Venus. Among the Venera were the first probe to crash-land on another planet (Venera 4 in October 1967), to make a soft landing on another planet (Venera 7 on 15 December 1970), to take images of the surface of another planet (Venera 9 on 8 June ...
2 days ago · Synthetic aperture radar data from the spacecraft Magellan is combined with radar altimetry to develop a three-dimensional map of the surface. Rays cast in a computer intersect the surface to create a three-dimensional perspective view. The simulated hues are based on color images recorded by the Soviet Venera 13 and 14 spacecraft.
- The New Venera Design
- The New Lander
- The Mission
- Mystery & Disappointment
- Related Video
- Related Reading
- General References
Like many of the early Soviet spacecraft, the first Soviet probes to Venus were designed and built by OKB-1 (the Russian acronym for Experimental Design Bureau-1) under the leadership of Chief Designer Sergei Korolev. The culmination of their work on planetary spacecraft was the 3MV series. Consisting of an orbital compartment, containing all of th...
By far the greatest changes were made to the 1V lander. Influenced by the work of Soviet scientists like Gavril Tikov, the earlier 2MV and 3MV Venus landers launched in 1962, 1964 and 1966 were designed under the assumption that the surface pressure of Venus was in the 1.5 to 5 bar range (where one bar is approximately equal to the atmospheric pres...
With a pair of 1V spacecraft prepared for the V-67 mission, the Soviet Union was once again ready to attempt to land on Venus. The first up was 1V serial number 310 which lifted off from Launch Complex 1 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 5:39:45 AM Moscow Time (02:39:45 GMT) on June 12, 1967. The first three stages of the 8K78M successfully placed the ...
As the Soviet propaganda machine hailed the accomplishment of Venera 4, Mariner 5 made its closest approach of 4,094 kilometers above the Venusian surface at 17:34:56 GMT on October 19, 1967. The next day, Mainer 5 began transmitting its recorded data back to Earth. But as the results from NASA’s mission were being analyzed and compared to the in s...
Here is a Pathé newsreel about the Venera 4 mission. Here is an excellent Russian-language documentary (with English subtitles) about Venera 4 with a lot of footage showing the testing and preparation made for this mission.
“The Return to Venus: The Mission of Mariner 5”, Drew Ex Machina, June 15, 2017 [Post] “Venera 2 & 3: Touching the Face of Venus”, Drew Ex Machina, March 1, 2016 [Post]
V. S. Avduevsky, M. Ya. Marov and M.K. Rozhdestvensky, “Model of the Atmosphere of the Planet Venus Based on Results of Measurements made by the Soviet Interplanetary Station Venera 4”, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 25, No. 7, pp. 537-545, July 1968 Brian Harvey, Russian Planetary Exploration: History. Development, Legacy and Prospects,...
Aug 26, 2020 · Venera 15 and Venera 16, each weighing just under 9,000 pounds (4,100 kg), did not carry landers. In their place they brought highly advanced radar-based imaging systems that could map the ...
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Jun 4, 2019 · If this map is not original, the following codes are used: [L: language variant, N: new print, U: updated edition, C: copied / modified from another map, R: renovation map (digital version of paper map with slight changes), F facsimile. RP: republished in: Origin ID: Any maps that this map is based on or copied from. Database ID of original map.
