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Aug 31, 2024 · Public water system treatment plants use a combination of different treatment methods to remove or inactivate all disease-causing organisms and viruses. The process is referred to as a multi-barrier treatment approach. The final step in this approach involves chemical disinfection using chlorine or chloramines.
RSF must be aided with pretreatment (sedimentation and flocculation) and posttreatment (disinfection) steps to remove pathogens and prevent fouling. It requires lesser area for construction as compared to SSF for treatment of unit volume of water. RSF is constructed in a rectangular tank usually made up of concrete.
- Study Protocol
- Search Strategy
- Inclusion Criteria
- Exclusion Criteria
- Quality Assessment Articles
- Extract Information from Articles
This systematic review study was carried out to determine the efficacy of wastewater treatment systems in the removal of microbial agents (bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi) by searching all articles published in 5 Iranian Journals of Environmental Health. The data were collected by referring to the specialized site of each journal, from the ...
Inquired information was collected by searching for keywords on the sites of Iranian specialty health journal. Key words included; ‘waste water’ OR ‘waste-water’ OR ‘wastewater treatment’ OR ‘effluent’ OR ‘sewage’ OR ‘sewage treatment’ OR ‘sewage disposal’ OR ‘wastewater disposal’ AND ‘treat’ OR ‘remove’ AND ‘microb’ AND ‘pathogen’ AND ‘bacteria’ A...
Inclusion criteria for this study included the year of publication, type of wastewater samples (municipal wastewater, domestic wastewater, hospital wastewater), number of samples (more than 5 wastewater samples), treatment procedures (different types), state the required and mention the type of purification (type of treatment, type of microbial age...
Exclusion criteria for this study were: lack of access to the full article, inappropriate subject matter, inadequacy of the method of treatment and purification, lack of expression of the type of microbial agents removed, review studies, and letters to the editor.
This study is based on standard checklist PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes). The US-based National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies for qualitative studies was used. This checklist is made based on the following criteria: Yes, No, cannot deter...
In order to extract information, all articles were evaluated independently by two reviewers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both reviewers eventually summarized the information and in cases where the information was inconsistent a third reviewer’s comments was used. The information extracted from the articles was included in the research...
- Zahra Aghalari, Hans-Uwe Dahms, Hans-Uwe Dahms, Mika Sillanpää, Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernandez, Roberto...
- 2020
A source-to-tap approach for the management of drinking water requires a system assessment that involves: characterizing the source water; describing the treatment barriers that prevent or reduce contamination; highlighting the conditions that can result in contamination; and identifying control measures to mitigate those risks through the treatment and distribution systems to the consumer.
Water is of fundamental importance for life on earth. The synthesis and structure of cell constituents and transport of nutrients into the cells as well as body metabolism depend on water. The contaminations present in water disturb the spontaneity of the mechanism and result in long/short-term diseases. The probable contaminations and their possible routes are discussed in the present review ...
- S. Sharma, A. Bhattacharya
- 2017
Apr 20, 2022 · As a result, a significant increase in water demand can be expected, but the water resources available in many areas will decrease as the non-renewable water resources become depleted, water systems pollutants, groundwater sources decline, climate changes, and water bodies pollutants lead to more droughts, more evaporation, reduced precipitation, and alteration is achieved (Ali et al., 2021 ...
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May 1, 2022 · Among those organisms, mainly involved organisms for the contamination of water are viruses, protozoa, bacteria, fungi, and worms. With this, some of the contamination can be identified easily by color, turbidity or odor ( Ligor and Buszewski, 2006 ),( Betancourt and Rose, 2004 ).
