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Self-esteem refers to a person’s evaluation of his/her worth. The best-known form is global self-esteem: general, dispositional, and consciously accessible self-evaluation. Psychologists...
Feb 1, 1995 · We marshal evidence that the two types of self-esteem may have strikingly different consequences, global self-esteem being more relevant to psychological well-being, and specific...
- I. What is Self-Esteem?
- 2. Self-Evaluations
- II. The Nature and Origins of Self-Esteem
- B. Cognitive Models of Self-Esteem
- 1. Three Cognitive Models of Self-Esteem Formation
- D. Theoretical Explanations
- E. Theoretical Models of Self-Protection
- A. Self-Enhancement and Self-Consistency
- C. A Personal Note: Some Thoughts about Feelings
- V. Chapter Summary
Self-esteem is part of everyday language, and at an intuitive level, everyone seems to know what self-esteem “is.” It may surprise you then to know that there is less than perfect agreement within the psychological literature. Part of the problem is that the term is used in three different ways.
The term self-esteem is also used to refer to the way people evaluate their various abilities and attributes. For example, a person who doubts his ability in school is sometimes said to have low academic self-esteem, and a person who thinks she is popular and well liked is said to have high social self- esteem. In a similar vein, people speak of ha...
Having defined our terms and discussed ways to measure self-esteem, let’s look more closely at the nature of self-esteem. What aspects make up high self-esteem? And where does high self-esteem come from? Several different models have been developed to address these questions.
Cognitive models offer a different perspective on the nature and origins of self-esteem. They view self-esteem as a more or less conscious decision people make regarding their worth as a person. If you think you possess many socially desirable qualities, then you will have high self-esteem. In terms of the three meanings of self-esteem we discussed...
The simplest of these models assumes that self-esteem is the aggregate of the way people evaluate their specific qualities and attributes. The top portion of Table illustrates this add-em-up approach. Here we have asked two (imaginary) people 8.3 to indicate how attractive, intelligent, well liked, and athletic they think they are using seven-point...
To this point, we have seen that failure humiliates low self-esteem people and leads them to believe that they are globally inadequate. We have also seen that low self-esteem people are especially self-protective and risk averse, even to the point that they may create an impediment to success if doing so means they can avoid confronting the fact th...
Cognitive and affective models also offer different explanations for why low self-esteem people are more self-protective and risk averse than are high self-esteem people. Expectancy-value models of behavior provide a useful framework for understanding these differences. As discussed in Chapter 6, these models assume that freely chosen behavior depe...
The data we have reviewed in this chapter are relevant to two long-standing controversies. The first is known as the “self-enhancement versus self- consistency debate.” Self-consistency theories (see Chapter 3) assume that people strive to maintain consistency between their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior, and that inconsistency creates an uncomfo...
Throughout this chapter, I have contrasted an affective model of self-esteem with one that emphasizes cognitive factors. In doing so, I have tried to describe the main points of each perspective, without commentary or advocacy. In the final section of this chapter, I will depart from this approach and critically examine the two models. Let me begin...
In this chapter, we considered the nature, origins, and consequences of self-esteem. We began by noting that the term self-esteem is used in three different ways. Sometimes the term is used to refer to a global personality variable; sometimes the term is used to refer to the way people evaluate their specific abilities and attributes; and sometimes...
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Oct 1, 2016 · Self-esteem is also defined as a global barometer of self-evaluation involving cognitive appraisals about general self-worth and affective experiences of the self that are linked to these...
Global self-esteem refers to an all-round feeling of self-worth and confidence. Specific self-esteem refers to a feeling of self-worth and confidence with regard to a specific activity or behaviour. If a particular activity or behaviour is valued, the chances are that eventually it will affect a person’s global self-esteem. For instance, a child
Self-esteem is about how we appreciate, value and perceive ourselves. Throughout our life experiences and influences, our self-esteem develops and shapes the way in which we believe in ourselves and our abilities - this is also known as confidence. What is Self-Esteem & Confidence?
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A. Global Self-Esteem (Aka Trait Self-Esteem) Sometimes self-esteem is used to refer to a personality variable that represents the way people generally feel about themselves. Researchers call this form of self-esteem, global self-esteem or trait self-esteem, as it is relatively enduring across time and situations. Depictions of global self ...
