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Halfbreed. A historical term used that was used widely by most English speaking people in Canada during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centries. The federal government also previously used the term to refer to the English-speaking Métis, as opposed to the term “Métis” was used to refer to the French-speaking Métis.
- Definition
- Origins
- Red River Resistance and North-West Resistance
- Métis in The 20th and 21st Centuries
In the 19th century, the word “Métis” usually referred to people who had Indigenousand French ancestors only. The term “half-breed” was used to describe people who had Indigenous and British ancestors. This term is not used now. While the Métis come from mixed European-Indigenous unions, they are not solely defined by that mixed ancestry. Métis ref...
Mixed Indigenous-European communities started in the Great Lakes area in the 18th century. French fur traders married Indigenous women. (See also Fur Trade in Canada.) In Rupert’s Land, British fur traders married Indigenous women, too. In the 19th century, many Métis lived in what is now the Winnipeg area. It was known then as the Red River Settle...
In 1869, the federal government bought Rupert’s Land and the North-Western Territory. This land had been owned by the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC). The federal government did not talk to the Métis before taking over. This angered the Métis and they resisted. This is known as the Red River Resistance. Their leader was Louis Riel. The federal governmen...
The Métis continued to fight for their rights. In 1982, the Métis won an important victory. They were now recognized as one of the three Indigenous peoples in Canada. This gave them more protections than they had in the past. In 2016, the Supreme Court of Canadastated that the federal government is responsible for matters relating to the Métis. Thi...
Aug 15, 2022 · Today, however, there are Métis citizens who have chosen to reclaim the term “halfbreed.” A.C. Osbourne’s “The Migration of Voyageurs from Drummond Island to Penetanguishene in 1828,” published by the Ontario Historical Society in 1901, includes extensive oral histories of community members speaking in their own voices — and no fewer than 20 uses of the term “halfbreed.”
In Halfbreed, Campbell finally talks back to the white man, on behalf of herself and of other Métis people, enabling them all to walk with heads held up. Campbell uses autobiography to forward her political agenda, to improve the conditions of the Métis by offering insight into the situation of the Métis people.
Half-breed definition: a contemptuous term used to refer to the offspring of parents of different racial origin, especially the offspring of an American Indian and a white person of European descent..
People of mixed blood in the region either integrated into Indigenous communities or assimilated with European newcomers, unlike the distinct Metis People of Louis Riel in Western Canada. "When you're looking at the Maritimes and Quebec, the children of intermarriage were accepted by either party, in our case the Mi'kmaq or the Acadian," Mi'kmaw elder and historian Daniel Paul says.
Feb 18, 2008 · Maria Campbell, O.C., Cree-Métis writer, playwright, filmmaker, scholar, teacher and elder (born 26 April 1940 in Park Valley, SK). Campbell’s memoir Halfbreed (1973) is regarded as a foundational piece of Indigenous literature in Canada for its attention to the discrimination, oppression and poverty that some Métis women (and Indigenous people, in general) experience in Canada.
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