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The internet is the physical network of computers all over the world. The World Wide Web is a virtual network of web sites connected by hyperlinks (or "links"). Web sites are stored on servers on the internet, so the World Wide Web is a part of the internet.
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What is the Internet Made of? l Computers l Servers l Clients l Phones l “Things” l Routers—specialized computers that forward “packets” l Packets are fragments of messages l Links—WiFi, Ethernet, fiber, etc. The Internet was designed to run over anything 3
What is the internet? “The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. Information that travels over the
- The Web Page Scenario
- Glossary of Internet Terms
- ISP
- LAN
- nameserver
- NAP
- NSP
- packet
- router
- server
- switch
- SYN
- SYN-ACK
- TCP
- TCP-IP
- three-way handshake
- URL
- whois
Suppose you are using a web browser and click on a link to some distant web page. To you, as a user, the computer displays the URL for the page in the location box on the browser toolbar and sits for a moment or two perhaps showing some sign of activity, and then begins displaying the contents of the new page. Underneath this simple change a numbe...
ACK — refers to the acknowledgment flag of IP packets and to packets in which the ACK flag has been set. See FIN and SYN. client — a computer or application that is making a request. Often used in combination with “server”, the computer or application that fulfills requests. Both roles are action-based in that the same application or computer can b...
— acronym for “Internet Service Provider”. These companies connect individuals and organizations to network service providers (NSPs).
— acronym for “local area network”. A set of machines (computers, printers, routers, etc. connected together. Typically, there is a router included that keeps local traffic local, sends externally bound traffic on, and accepts inbound traffic addressed to member of the LAN.
— see DNS server. Also, individual companies are assigned to administer domains such as .edu, .com, and .org, They assign and keep track of who has which name and provide that information to people and servers requesting it.
— acronym for “Network Access Point”. This is merely a connection from a user or organization to an ISP or for an ISP to an NSP (and, of course, going the other way, an NSP to an ISP and an ISP to an individual or organization).
— acronym for “Network Service Provider”. These companies provide the primary infrastructure for the Internet. If you compare the Internet to the highway system in the US, the NSPs provide the interstate highway system that have interchanges (NAPs, network access points) for the lesser roads (ISPs) which connect to city streets (LANs) or (in the co...
— a two-part (header and data) collection of information that is the basis for Internet communication. Breaking large files into pieces ensures that all users have reasonable chance to communicate and that difficulties in communication are minimized. Many communication protocols use packets. Common protocols are Ethernet in which packets are broadc...
— a communication device that receives Internet traffic and passes it along to an appropriate destination. A router may separate two parts of a network in which case they recognize local traffic and keep it local and pass along outbound traffic. In this case, the router will also listen on the non-local side for traffic addressed to the local net. ...
— a computer or application that is fulfilling a request. Often used in combination with “client”, the computer or application that makes requests. Both roles are action-based in that the same application or computer can be a client in one case and a server in a different case.
— a device providing connections to a LAN. Computers, printers, etc. are connected to the switch. Messages are arrive at the switch and are directed to the addressee of the message—others on the LAN do not “hear” them. The switch will pass externally-bound messages to a router and receive in-bound messages from the outside via the router.
— a flag setting in IP packets that indicates a request to open and synchronize a communication session. It is typically sent by a client process requesting some service. The SYN will be acknowledged with a packet which has the ACK flag set and contains a synchronization number (SYN+ACK). The SYN+ACK will be acknowledged (by the originator) with an...
— refers to the acknowledgment of IP SYN packets in which the ACK flag has been set and a synchronization number has been included. See SYN.
— acronym for “transfer control protocol”. It provides the guidelines/mechanisms for sequencing packets when they are sent over the Internet, checking to see that packets are received and sending them again when transmission was not successful, and putting the packets back together when received. Sequence numbers (beginning with a random number but...
— the principle Internet communication protocol suite. It indicates and governs how communication will occur on the Internet. See the separate entries for TCP and IP.
— a set of communications that establishes or severs a TCP connection between a client and server. The process begins with a SYNchronization request (from a client) or FINalized communication (from a server), is followed by an annotated acknowledgment (SYN+ACK from server or FIN+ACK from client), and is terminated by a simple acknowledgment from th...
— acronym for “Universal Resource Locator”. It includes the host ID and a path/file name indicating the name and location of the desired file. An example is www.cs.uni.edu/east/web/index.html. The host id is “www.cs.uni.edu”, the file is “index.html” and it is located in the “web” subdirectory of the “east” directory.
— a registry of internet domain names. The database identifies an organization and/or person(s) associated with a particular domain. It works much like a phone book. (Apparently multiple copies of the database exist and are hosted by different companies/entities.)
Internet Technologies Chapter 1: Introduction to Internet 1.1 Internet The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (often called TCP/IP, although not all applications use TCP) to serve billions of users worldwide.
- timothy waweru
This whitepaper explains the underlying infrastructure and technologies that make the Internet work. It does not go into great depth, but covers enough of each area to give a basic understanding of the concepts involved. For any unanswered questions, a list of resources is provided at the end of the paper.
People also ask
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What is the Internet? The Internet is a group of millions of interconnected computers and networks that allow people to find and use information and communicate with others around the world.
