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Nov 21, 2023 · The maritime climate is climate-controlled by nearby masses of water such as oceans and large lakes. The climates tend to be milder throughout the year with a smaller temperature...
- Past Climates & Climate Change
Climate change is nothing new, and there are records of...
- Temporal & Spatial Scales of Climate Change
Example of the various temporal scales used to measure...
- Feedback Mechanisms of Climate Change
Climate forcing is a physical process that instigates...
- Categories of The Koppen Climate Classification System
The United States of America follows the same Koppen Climate...
- The General Circulation Model & Climate Change
Climate change is an issue with increasing urgency that...
- Methods for Determining Past Climates
Paleoclimatology is the study of climate change throughout...
- Past Climates & Climate Change
- Surface Ocean Currents
- Upwelling
- Maritime Airmasses
- Precipitation
- Humidity
Surface ocean currents are wind-driven and, like the wind, are subject to considerable variation. The actual pattern of world ocean currents can be related to the global circulation of winds and the shape of landmasses. Just as the subtropical high-pressure zones are a dominant feature of the atmospheric circulation so are the oceanic gyres (oceani...
The top waters of the ocean, perhaps down to 100 m, are mixed by motion of the wind and waves. Below this mixing layer there is a general decline in temperature until the coldness of the bottom waters is reached. The strong temperature contrast between top and bottom waters inhibits vertical mixing unless cold water is forced up to the surface. Thi...
Air derives its thermal and moisture properties from the surface over which it originates. Air originating over the oceans, maritime tropical (mT) or maritime polar (mP) air, is generally characterized by (a) relatively small changes in the annual range of temperature in the source region and (b) a high moisture content derived from its origin over...
Maritime precipitation in the westerly belts is marked by the cyclonic activity characteristic of the polar fronts. These are most intense in the winter months, but the fall season is likely to be wettest. The amount of evaporation into the maritime airmasses is related to both water and air temperature over the ocean. Accordingly, since the warmes...
Over the oceans humidity will reach a maximum in the afternoon and a minimum in the early morning, reflecting the diurnal air temperature cycle. The vapor pressure is controlled in part by the air temperature and in part by the turbulent transport that tends to disperse the humid layer upward, but the latter is less important over sea than over lan...
A maritime climate is strongly influenced by the nearby sea. Temperatures vary a relatively small amount seasonally and daily. For a location to have a true maritime climate, the winds must most frequently come off the sea. A continental climate is more extreme, with greater temperature differences between day and night and between summer and ...
1 day ago · Effects on ocean currents and weather. Ocean warming has been shown to cause a number of physical and ecological effects. One of the most noticeable is sea level rise, which increases at roughly 3.4 mm (0.13 inch) per year and is driven by a combination of water’s ability to expand as temperature rises and the release of liquid water to the oceans from melting glaciers and ice sheets.
- Latitude. The main factor influencing the climate of a region is latitude because different latitudes receive different amounts of solar radiation. To review from the Earth’s Atmosphere chapter
- Atmospheric Circulation. Recall from the Earth’s Atmosphere chapter the circulation cells and global wind belts. The position of a region relative to the circulation cells and wind belts has a great effect on its climate.
- Intertropical Convergence Zone. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is the low pressure area near the equator in the boundary between the two Hadley Cells.
- Continental Position. When a particular location is near an ocean or large lake, the body of water plays an extremely important role in affecting the region’s climate.
Jan 3, 2020 · In this paper, we provide a thorough review on current understanding of the spatiotemporal complexity and prediction of climate variability over this important region, and its influence on global climate variation.
continentality, a measure of the difference between continental and marine climates characterized by the increased range of temperatures that occurs over land compared with water. This difference is a consequence of the much lower effective heat capacities of land surfaces as well as of their generally reduced evaporation rates. Heating or ...
