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Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like what is mental capacity?, how do you know when someone lacks mental capacity?, who is someone who lacks mental capacity and more.
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What influences how we judge whether someone has mental capacity?, What are the 5 key principles of mental capacity?, What points are about when the patient has capacity and when they don't? and more.
Dec 23, 2023 · What is mental capacity? Someone who has capacity must be able to understand and make decisions that is being asked of them. The law states that you must assume everyone has capacity until proven otherwise.
- What Is Intelligence?
- History of Intelligence
- Theories of Intelligence
- Intelligence Testing
- Criticism of Intelligence Testing
- Extremes of Intelligence
- Intelligence Today
- References
It might seem useless to define such a simple word. After all, we have all heard this word hundreds of times and probably have a general understanding of its meaning. However, the concept of intelligence has been a widely debated topic among members of the psychology community for decades. Psychologist Robert Sternberg defined intelligence as “the ...
The study of human intelligence dates back to the late 1800s when Sir Francis Galton (the cousin of Charles Darwin) became one of the first to study intelligence. Galton was interested in the concept of a gifted individual, so he created a lab to measure reaction times and other physical characteristics to test his hypothesis that intelligence is a...
As a result, psychologists have developed several contrasting theories of intelligence as well as individual tests that attempt to measure this very concept. After examining the popular competing theories of intelligence, it becomes clear that there are many different forms of this seemingly simple concept. On the one hand, Spearman claims that int...
The Flynn Effect
It is important to regularly standardize an intelligence test because the overall level of intelligence in a population may change over time. This phenomenon is known as the Flynn effect(named after its discoverer, New Zealand researcher James Flynn) which refers to the observation that scores on intelligence tests worldwide increase from decade to decade (Flynn, 1984).
Aptitude vs. Achievement Tests
Other tests, such as aptitude and achievement tests, are designed to measure intellectual capability. Achievement tests measure what content a student has already learned (such as a unit test in history or a final math exam), whereas an aptitude test measures a student’s potential or ability to learn (Anastasi, 1984). Although this may sound similar to an IQ test, aptitude tests typically measure abilities in very specific areas.
Reliability and Construct Validity
Although you may be wondering if you take an intelligence test multiple times will you improve your score and whether these tests even measure intelligence in the first place, research provides reassurance that these tests are both very reliable and have high construct validity. Reliability simply means that they are consistent over time. In other words, if you take a test at two different points in time, there will be very little change in performance or, in the case of intelligence tests, I...
Cultural Specificity
There are issues with intelligence tests beyond looking at them in a vacuum. These tests were created by Western psychologists who created such tools to measure euro-centric values. However, it is important to recognize that the majority of the world’s population does not reside in Europe or North America, and as a result, the cultural specificity of these tests is crucial. Different cultures hold different values and even have different perceptions of intelligence, so is it fair to have one...
Social and Environmental Factors
Another important part of the puzzle to consider is the social and environmental context in which an individual lives and the IQ test-related biases that develop as a result. These might help explain why some individuals have lower scores than others. For example, the threat of social exclusion can greatly decrease the expression of intelligence. A 2002 study gave participants an IQ test and a personality inventory, and some were randomly chosen to receive feedback from the inventory indicati...
IQ scores are generally normally distributed (Moore et al., 2013). That is, roughly 95% of the population has IQ scores between 70 and 130. But what about the other 5%? Individuals who fall outside this range represent the extremes of intelligence. Those who have an IQ above 130 are considered to be gifted (Lally & French, 2018), such as Christophe...
Today, intelligence is generally understood as the ability to understand and adapt to the environment by using inherited abilities and learned knowledge. Many new intelligence tests have arisen, such as the University of California Matrix Reasoning Task (Pahor et al., 2019), that can be taken online and in very little time, and new methods of scori...
Anastasi, A. (1984). 7. Aptitude and Achievement Tests: The Curious Case of the Indestructible Strawperson. Baumeister, R. F., Twenge, J. M., & Nuss, C. K. (2002). Effects of social exclusion on cognitive processes: anticipated aloneness reduces intelligent thought. Journal of personality and social psychology, 83(4), 817. Binet, A., Simon, T., & S...
Sep 18, 2024 · Understanding ‘capacity’ under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 is essential for safeguarding and supporting individuals in making decisions. The Act emphasises respect for autonomy , ensuring individuals retain as much control over their lives as possible.
A useful definition of mental capacity which encapsulates its key features is: Mental capacity is the ability to make a particular decision or to take a particular action by any person for themselves at the time the decision or action needs to be taken.
People also ask
What is a mental capacity test?
Is mental capacity a fixed state?
What is the Mental Capacity Act 2005?
What does 'capacity' mean?
What does 'capacity' mean in health and social care?
How does mental capacity change over time?
For situations where there may be reason to question a person’s mental capacity to make a certain decision at a specific time, the Mental Capacity Act 2005 sets out a two-stage test based on a combination of functional and diagnostic methods. The test is outlined in Box 3. Stage 1: The diagnostic test of mental capacity.
