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Feb 17, 2023 · Soil Horizons. The soil is the topmost layer of the earth’s crust consisting of air, water, inorganic minerals (rock, sand, clay, and slit), and organic matter (dead plants and animals). It forms the source of food for plants. It provides shelter for many animals such as insects, centipedes, burrowing animals, microorganisms, and many others.
A soil horizon is a layer of mineral or organic soil material approximately parallel to the land surface that has characteristics altered by processes of soil formation. It differs from adjacent horizons in properties such as color, structure, texture, and consistence and in chemical, biological, or mineralogical composition.
Jun 7, 2020 · The 7 Soil Horizons. There are 7 soil horizons in total. These include horizon Oi, Oa, A, E, B, C, and R. As you may have noticed, horizon O is split into two types – Oi and Oa. We will discuss both, but it is important to recognize that they are much different in their composition and their effect on soil type.
Soil horizon. A cross section of a soil, revealing horizons. A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath. Horizons are defined in many cases by obvious physical features, mainly colour and texture.
Visit the NRCS Official soil series description page to find a soil series description and the horizons found in that soil. Hint: see if your name or home town/favorite town in the US have their own soil series. [1]
Most soils have three major horizons (A, B, C) and some have an organic horizon (O). The horizons are: O (humus or organic): Mostly organic matter such as decomposing leaves. The O horizon is thin in some soils, thick in others, and not present at all in others. A (topsoil): Mostly minerals from parent material with organic matter incorporated.
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The arrangement of these horizons in a soil is known as a soil profile. Soil scientists, who are also called pedologists, observe and describe soil profiles and soil horizons to classify and interpret the soil for various uses. Soil horizons differ in a number of easily seen soil properties such as color, texture, structure, and thickness.
