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- Morphologically, soil bacteria are divided into three groups, viz., Cocci (round/spherical), rod-shaped (Bacilli), and Spirillum (cells with long wavy chains). Bacillus species dominate the bacterial population in soil and are numerous. They are followed by Cocci and Spirillum species.
www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/soil-bacteria
See variations in colonial morphology among various species of bacteria. Bacteria grow on solid media as colonies. A colony is defined as a visible mass of microorganisms all originating from a single mother cell, therefore a colony constitutes a clone of bacteria all genetically alike.
- Bacterial Size
- Bacterial Shape
- Arrangements of Cocci
- Arrangement of Bacilli
- Arrangement of Spiral
- Other Shapes and Arrangements
- References
- Sources
The unit of measurement used in bacteriology is the micron (micrometer) which is one-thousandth of a millimeter.Bacteria are, in general one-tenth the size of the eukaryotic cell. On average, the size of bacteria ranges from 0.5 to 5 µm.However, they can be as tiny as 0.3 µm and as large as 0.7mm.The limit of resolution with the unaided eye is about 200 microns, and as many bacteria are smaller than this size, they are not visible with naked eyes.Image created using biorender.com 1. Most of the bacteria have a rigid cell wall that provides a definite shape to the bacteria while protecting the internal components. 2. Even though this characteristic is valid for the majority of bacteria, they vary in shape that allows them to be classified into different groups based on their forms. 3. This w...
Cocci bacteria can be arranged either singly, in pairs, in groups of four, in chains, in clusters or cubes consisting of eight cells.These cells remain attached during cell division.Bacillus
1. Bacilli are the bacteria which are rod-shaped and are present as single cells. 2. These bacteria can form endospores and are facultative anaerobes. 3. Examples: Salmonella enterica subsp, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella choleraesuis.
Diplobacilli
1. As in Diplococci, Diplobacilli also exists in pairs. 2. After cell division, the two cells do not divide and grow in an attached arrangement. 3. Examples: Coxiella burnetii, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Moraxella bovis.
Streptobacilli
1. In this group, bacteria are arranged in chains. 2. This results from cell division in a single chain. 3. Examples: Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptobacillus Levaditi, Streptobacillus felis, Streptobacillus hongkongensis.
Vibrio
1. These are the slightly curved bacteria resembling a comma shape. 2. Examples: Vibrio mytili, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholera.
Spirochetes
1. Spirochetes are spiral bacteria having a helical shape. 2. These are flexible and have an axial filament which helps in motility. These filaments are essential distinguishing character between spirochetes and other bacteria. 3. These filaments run throughout the length of the bacteria and thus, help in twisting the motion of the bacteria. 4. Examples: Leptospiraspecies (Leptospira interrogans), Treponema pallidum, Borrelia recurrentis.
Spirilla
1. These bacteria are similar in structure with spirochetes but are more rigid. 2. They, too, have a flagellum but lack the endoflagella like in spirochetes. 3. Examples: Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Spirillum winogradskyi.
Appendaged Bacteria 1. The bacteria that produce a unique structure like pillus or fimbriae are called appendaged bacteria. 2. These bacteria are more virulent than other bacteria that do not form these appendages. 3. Example: Neisseria gonorrheae, the agent of Gonorrhea. Box-shaped/ Rectangular Bacteria 1. Box-shaped bacteria are rectangular in sh...
Young K. D. (2007). Bacterial morphology: why have different shapes?. Current opinion in microbiology, 10(6), 596–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2007.09.009Al-mohanna, Moshtaq & H., quine. (2016). MORPHOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA.Constantino MA et al.(2016). Helical and rod-shaped bacteria swim in helical trajectories with little additional propulsion from helical shape. Science Advances. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.16016613% – https://www.microscopemaster.com/bacteria-size-shape-arrangement.html3% – http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC21695032% – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2169503/2% – https://microbiologyinfo.com/different-size-shape-and-arrangement-of-bacterial-cells/Sep 30, 2021 · Researchers divide soil bacteria into four different groups based on their function in soil. Most examples of microorganisms in soil are decomposers . The decomposer bacteria in soil feed on dead organic matter such as decaying plants and animals.
Jun 1, 2023 · The tiny bacteria, termed ultramicrobacteria, can be as small as 0.3 mm in diameter with cell volumes less than 0.1 mm 3. Although a variety of cell shapes exists for bacteria, including rod, spherical, spiral, and filamentous, the most common cell shape found in soil is a short rod (coccoid rod).
Soil - E.g. Denitrifying bacteria (responsible for converting nitrate to nitrogen) and Actinomycetes which grow as hyphae and decompose a wide range of substrates in soil In ocean and sea water - Vibrio bacteria are the most common type of bacteria found in oceans.
There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water; in all, there are approximately five nonillion (5×10 30) bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass on Earth, which exceeds that of all plants and animals.
Soil microorganisms can be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. Each of these groups has characteristics that define them and their functions in soil. [6][7] Up to 10 billion bacterial cells inhabit each gram of soil in and around plant roots, a region known as the rhizosphere.
