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  1. May 11, 2012 · Emotions result from goal-directed self-regulation. Motivation as per one definition is “the willingness to put effort into achieving goals”. In all motivation theories, ‘goals’ are very ...

  2. However, if one accepts this, then it follows immediately that, to attain its goals, personality psychology must consider the emotions. In accordance with this conclusion, (1) most classical personality theorists proposed an affective (or affective–motivational) system as a core system of the mind (see, e.g., Shand, 1914; Murray, 1938), and ...

    • Rainer Reisenzein, Hannelore Weber
    • 2009
  3. Jan 30, 2023 · Together with emotion, motivation is part of a core psychological phenomenon referred to as affect. We feel these experiences, physiologically and emotionally, and they motivate and guide our behavior and decision making. Most importantly, they have a significant impact on our mental and physical health.

    • 1 How Do We Capture A Person’S Personality?
    • Factor Analysis
    • 2 Criticism of The “Big Five”, Additions and Alternatives
    • Definition
    • Temperament
    • Overview
    • 3 Genetic Foundations, Stability and Changeability of Personality Traits
    • 4 The Neurobiological Foundations of Personality
    • Stress Management
    • Emotional Control and Self-Soothing

    Even in antiquity, people thought about how best to assess the personality and psyche of a person. The best known of these is the “doctrine of the temperaments”, which goes back to Hippocrates and Galenos and divides people into four personality types: choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic and sanguine. Modern personality psychology, on the other hand,...

    is a statistical method that is used to derive a few basic factors from a set of observable characteristics that exist as independently as possible and are as free of overlap (“orthogonal”) as possible. This procedure is used for data and dimension reduction. In psychology, for example, it is used to identify the basic characteristics of a person’s...

    Within personality psychology, the Big Five approach is not without controversy (cf. Neyer and Asendorpf 2018). One fundamental criticism concerns the fact that the Big Five are essentially taken from everyday psychology and have no further explanatory value. Likewise, it is criticized that personality tests of the “Big Five” type usually involve s...

    Current efforts by personality psychologists are also aimed at identifying “super traits” along the lines of Gray’s BAS and BIS. According to the American psychologist Colin DeYoung and his colleagues, these are Stability and Plasticity (DeYoung 2006; DeYoung et al. 2013, 2016). The Stability super trait encompasses the three Big Five traits of Neu...

    Temperament refers to basic emotional and motor characteristics of a person that appear very early, often shortly after birth, and remain relatively constant over the lifespan. They mainly concern a person’s degree of sensory and emotional excitability, his or her readiness and strength to react, the degree of openness or closedness to other people...

    Current personality psychology is concerned with determining basic characteristics from the multitude of personality traits with the aid of statistical procedures (e.g. factor analysis) that are relatively persistent over time and as free of overlap as possible. Most models are based on a few, usually three to six basic personality factors, which a...

    The question of the genetic determinacy of basic personality traits is widely disputed in personality psychology. On the basis of classical twin research, heritability values of the Big Five traits of 40–60% have been arrived at so far (Bouchard Jr and McGue 2003). Due to methodological inadequacies of twin research and more recent findings on the ...

    The psychological personality typologies presented are predominantly purely descriptive and usually do not provide any deeper reasoning as to why it is precisely these basic factors that best describe a person’s personality. Nor do they answer the question of why one person is more extraverted and another more neuroticistic. In recent years, a numb...

    The way a person deals with physical stresses such as illness and pain, as well as psychological stresses such as threats, challenges, disappointments and defeats, shame and exclusion, forms a basic feature of his or her personality. This trait forms very early and is essentially related to the prenatal and postnatal development of the cortisol sys...

    The psychoneural self-soothing system is closely linked to the serotonin system (primarily the 5HT1A-receptors). Similar to the stress processing system, it partially develops prenatally. Sufficient serotonin levels are important for the perception of emotional states, i.e. they promote emotion control, goal-directed behaviour and inhibit hasty rea...

  4. This review discusses the history of motivation and emotion concepts in psychology and affective neuroscience, drawing on both animal studies and human studies, in order to gain a better perspective on recent concepts and debates. In this discussion, I will sometimes combine motivation and emotion together because those psychological categories ...

  5. Motivation and emotion are usually viewed as two psychological features that seemingly share cause-and-effect relationship. We often see motivation as something that stimulates a person to act and behave to achieve a desired goal, while emotion is the feelings that emerge from the motive or drive itself, from the actions caused by the motive ...

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  7. Section 20.2 is about emotions; it begins to define emotions and describes the changes in brain, cognition and body that mark them. Section 20.3 focuses on one particularly important emotion in everyday life, anger, and its most obvious and sometimes-explosive response, aggression. 20.1 Motivation and Goals.