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The Earth is a. planet. and is roughly the shape of a. sphere. There are three layers that make up the Earth’s structure. The three layers, starting from the outside, are: the crust – the ...
- The Inner CORE
- The Outer CORE
- The Mantle
- The Crust
This solid metal ball has a radius of 1,220 kilometers (758 miles), or about three-quarters that of the moon. It’s located some 6,400 to 5,180 kilometers (4,000 to 3,220 miles) beneath Earth’s surface. Extremely dense, it’s made mostly of iron and nickel. The inner core spins a bit faster than the rest of the planet. It’s also intensely hot: Temper...
This part of the core is also made from iron and nickel, just in liquid form. It sits some 5,180 to 2,880 kilometers (3,220 to 1,790 miles) below the surface. Heated largely by the radioactive decay of the elements uranium and thorium, this liquid churns in huge, turbulent currents. That motion generates electrical currents. They, in turn, generate...
At close to 3,000 kilometers (1,865 miles) thick, this is Earth’s thickest layer. It starts a mere 30 kilometers (18.6 miles) beneath the surface. Made mostly of iron, magnesium and silicon, it is dense, hot and semi-solid (think caramel candy). Like the layer below it, this one also circulates. It just does so far more slowly. Near its upper edges...
Earth’s crust is like the shell of a hard-boiled egg. It is extremely thin, cold and brittle compared to what lies below it. The crust is made of relatively light elements, especially silica, aluminum and oxygen. It’s also highly variable in its thickness. Under the oceans (and Hawaiian Islands), it may be as little as 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) thic...
- Crust. Temperature: 475 K (∼200°C) at the surface to 1300 K (∼1000°C) Thickness: 25 miles (32 km) for continental crust and 3-5 miles (8 km) for oceanic crust.
- Upper Mantle. Temperature: 1200 K (∼ 932°C) at the upper boundary with the crust to 1900 K (∼1652 °C) at the boundary with the lower mantle. Thickness: 255 miles (410 km)
- Lower Mantle. Temperature: 1900 K (∼ 1600°C) in the outer regions which can reach up to 4300 K (∼4000°C) at the bottom. Thickness: 1,400 miles (2,250 km)
- Outer Core. Temperature: 4,300 K (4,030°C) in the outer regions to 6,000 K (5,730°C) closest to the inner core. Thickness: 1,355 miles (2,180 km) Density: 9,900 – 12,200 kg/m3.
Interactive periodic table showing names, electrons, and oxidation states. Visualize trends, 3D orbitals, isotopes, and mix compounds. Fully descriptive writeups.
May 17, 2014 · Names of Future Elements. Right now, there are no blank spaces in the periodic table up to element 118. The present table has 7 periods. However, scientists are trying to synthesize even heavier elements. Once a new element is synthesized, the research has to be reviewed by the IUPAC before a new name and symbol get approved.
There are 118 elements on the periodic table. Here's a list of all of the chemical elements of the periodic table ordered by increasing atomic number. We use cookies and other tracking technologies to improve your browsing experience on our website, to show you personalized content and targeted ads, to analyze our website traffic, and to understand where our visitors are coming from.
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Jul 29, 2023 · The 10 most abundant gases in the Sun’s visible surface layer are listed in Table 15.2. Examine that table and notice that the composition of the Sun’s outer layer is very different from Earth’s crust, where we live. (In our planet’s crust, the three most abundant elements are oxygen, silicon, and aluminum.)
