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The Pioneer Venus Orbiter, also known as Pioneer Venus 1 or Pioneer 12, was a mission to Venus conducted by NASA as part of the Pioneer Venus project. Launched in May 1978 atop an Atlas-Centaur rocket, the spacecraft was inserted into an elliptical orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978.
NASA's Pioneer Venus 1 was the first U.S. spacecraft to orbit Venus. It was the orbiter in a two-spacecraft orbiter-probe combination designed to study the atmosphere and surface of Venus. A second spacecraft carrying the probe was launched a few months later.
- United States of America (USA)
- Pioneer Venus Orbiter
- Venus Orbit
- 1,283 pounds (582 kilograms)
May 21, 2018 · Two Soviet spacecraft, Venera 11 and 12, launched in late September 1978 and arrived at Venus a few weeks after the Pioneer Venus craft. Each Venera consisted of a fly-by bus that released a softlander as it approached Venus.
May 31, 2018 · Insertion into Venus’ atmosphere occurred December 4, 1978. The Pioneer Venus Orbiter measured data from the upper atmosphere and southern region of the planet, including interactions between solar winds and Venus’ magnetic field. It also mapped Venus’ surface.
The Pioneer Venus Orbiter was inserted into an elliptical orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978. The Orbiter was a flat cylinder 2.5 m in diameter and 1.2 m high. All instruments and spacecraft subsystems were mounted on the forward end of the cylinder, except the magnetometer, which was at the end of a 4.7 m boom.
6 days ago · The Pioneer Venus Orbiter was the first of a two-spacecraft orbiter-probe combination designed to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the atmosphere, surface, and near-space environment of Venus.
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Dec 10, 2018 · Pioneer Venus Orbiter launched first on May 20, 1978. Mission planners chose a 7-month trajectory to Venus that ensured a slower speed when the spacecraft arrived at its destination, thereby saving fuel required for the orbit insertion burn.
