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Apr 20, 2023 · The shape of the heart can be described as a “pyramid which has fallen over“. The apex of this pyramid points in an anteroinferior direction. In the anatomical position, the heart has five surfaces – each formed by the different chambers of the heart: Anterior (or sternocostal) – Right ventricle. Posterior (base of the pyramid) – Left ...
- Terms of Location
Anterior refers to the ‘front’, and posterior refers to the...
- Terms of Location
- Overview
- Anatomical Terms
- Midline, Medial, Lateral
- Anterior, Posterior
- Superior, Inferior
- Proximal , Distal
This article explains the basic anatomical terms of location such as midline, medial, lateral, anterior, posterior, superior/inferior and proximal/distal with examples in context.
This article looks at the basic anatomical terms of location and examples of their use within anatomy.
The midline splits the right and left halves evenly; medial means towards the midline while lateral means away from it.
Anterior refers to 'front' while posterior refers to 'back'. Structures are described in relation to each other as anterior or posterior.
These terms refer to vertical axis with superior meaning higher and inferior meaning lower. Limbs can be mobile so another descriptive pair is needed for clarity.
Used in structures that have a beginning and an end such as limbs or blood vessels; proximal means closer to origin while distal means further away from it.
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- Heart anatomy. The heart has five surfaces: base (posterior), diaphragmatic (inferior), sternocostal (anterior), and left and right pulmonary surfaces. It also has several margins: right, left, superior, and inferior
- Heart valves. Heart valves separate atria from ventricles, and ventricles from great vessels. The valves incorporate two or three leaflets (cusps) around the atrioventricular orifices and the roots of great vessels.
- Blood flow through the heart. The blood flow through the heart is quite logical. It happens with the heart cycle, which consists of the periodical contraction and relaxation of the atrial and ventricular myocardium (heart muscle tissue).
- Coronary circulation. The heart must also be supplied with oxygenated blood. This is done by the two coronary arteries: left and right. Heart muscles work constantly (thank goodness!)
Jun 11, 2024 · The heart is the pump that moves blood around your body. It has four main parts: two upper chambers called atria and two lower chambers called ventricles. These parts work together to get oxygen-rich blood to your body and oxygen-poor blood back to your heart.
Aug 26, 2013 · The third layer of the heart wall is called the endocardium. It is a white sheet of endothelium (squamous epithelium) resting on a connective tissue layer. It is located on the inner myocardial surface and lines the heart chambers. The endocardium is continuous with the endothelial linings of the blood vessels leaving and entering the heart.
Oct 20, 2024 · Located between the left and right ventricles are two shallower sulci: the anterior interventricular sulcus is visible on the anterior surface of the heart (Figure \(\PageIndex{8.A}\)), whereas the posterior interventricular sulcus is visible on the posterior surface of the heart (Figure \(\PageIndex{8.B}\)).
The great veins, the superior and inferior venae cavae, and the great arteries, the aorta and pulmonary trunk, are attached to the superior surface of the heart, called the base. The base of the heart is located at the level of the third costal cartilage, as seen in Figure 6.1.1.
