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  1. Nov 10, 2024 · The base of the heart is its broader upper part and is primarily formed by the atria, especially the left atrium. It faces posteriorly and is situated at the level of the 2nd intercostal space. The base is where the great vessels – the aorta, pulmonary trunk, and superior vena cava – enter or exit the heart. Surfaces of the Heart:

    • Heart anatomy. The heart has five surfaces: base (posterior), diaphragmatic (inferior), sternocostal (anterior), and left and right pulmonary surfaces. It also has several margins: right, left, superior, and inferior
    • Heart valves. Heart valves separate atria from ventricles, and ventricles from great vessels. The valves incorporate two or three leaflets (cusps) around the atrioventricular orifices and the roots of great vessels.
    • Blood flow through the heart. The blood flow through the heart is quite logical. It happens with the heart cycle, which consists of the periodical contraction and relaxation of the atrial and ventricular myocardium (heart muscle tissue).
    • Coronary circulation. The heart must also be supplied with oxygenated blood. This is done by the two coronary arteries: left and right. Heart muscles work constantly (thank goodness!)
  2. Apr 20, 2023 · The oblique pericardial sinus is a blind ending passageway located on the posterior surface of the heart. The transverse pericardial sinus is found superiorly on the heart. It can be used in coronary artery bypass grafting – see below.

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  3. Jun 11, 2024 · It has four main parts: two upper chambers called atria and two lower chambers called ventricles. These parts work together to get oxygen-rich blood to your body and oxygen-poor blood back to your heart.

  4. Oct 25, 2022 · On the posterior surface of the heart, the ventricles are separated by the posterior interventricular sulcus (or groove), which contains the posterior interventricular artery, middle cardiac vein, and adipose tissue.

  5. Oct 20, 2024 · The shape of the heart is similar to a pinecone, rather broad at the superior surface (the base, on the posterior side) and tapering to the apex (Figure 17.2.1 17.2. 1). The apex of the heart is inferior and to the left while the base of the heart is superior and posterior.

  6. Fibrous skeleton. The four cardiac valves are kept in their place partly because of the fibrous skeleton of the heart, which is a collection of connective tissue. It consists of the right fibrous trigone (which along with the membranous septum forms the central fibrous body), the left right fibrous trigone, and the conus tendon.