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Nov 14, 2024 · By contrast, Girard argues that religion explains human origins. He proposes scenarios by which protohumans might have become human—that is, a culture-making animal. This transition from protohuman to human takes place through a coevolutionary process of biology and culture—that is, the reciprocal interaction between nature and culture.
Aug 23, 2020 · If religion is such a widespread human occurrence, we might wonder what parts of human nature and of the human mind or psychology explain this phenomenon. In this introduction, we first point out some pertinent historical answers to this question.
- Esther Engels Kroeker, Willem Lemmens
- 2020
- Philosophy: Metaphysics and Philosophy of Religion
- The Status of Religious Belief
- Idealism Or Finding The Natural Order
- Human Presuppositions and Idealism
- Finding A Home Within The World of Science
- Containing Science
- Questioning Metaphysics
- Phenomenology in Canada
- Rationalism
- Understanding Religious Belief
Metaphysics chiefly addresses questions about what is ultimately real and important. Philosophy of religion explores and evaluates religious views of reality and seeks to understand religious practice. The Two Preoccupations Philosophers of religion and metaphysicians have faced 2 principal challenges since 1950: acceptance of the scientific method...
Since 1950 there have been vigorous attacks on religious belief (eg, by Kai Nielsen in Scepticism, 1973 and in God, Scepticism, and Modernity, 1989), and on issues related to the empirical claims of believers (eg, Michael Ruse, The Darwinian Paradigm, 1989). Nevertheless, many philosophers in Canada have held that there are ways in which the disput...
Secondly, there have been attempts to revivify parts of the idealist philosophy dominant in English Canada until WWII. "Idealism" has had many meanings, but the Canadian idealists' central tenet was that all reality formed a unified, rational whole. They suggested that science and religion were not antithetical but were part of a larger rational sy...
In response, Lionel Rubinoff, in Collingwood and the Reform of Metaphysics(1970), argued in support of British philosopher R.G. Collingwood that our world views, scientific and otherwise, must be seen in the context of the presuppositions with which humans approach the world. Metaphysical systems and religious world views can be seen as intelligibl...
A third group, including Thomas GOUDGE and Charles DE KONINCK, has sought to build within the structure of science. Goudge's The Ascent of Life (Governor General's Award, 1961) makes few explicit claims about metaphysics or religion, but meticulously examines parts of biological theory and exposes a number of points at which conceptual possibilitie...
A fourth group, drawing inspiration from St Thomas Aquinas, searches for demarcation lines between science and theology and for a way to understand religion as rational. Louis-Marie Régis describes in Epistemology (1959) his view of the forms and limitations of science. Joseph Owens, in An Interpretation of Existence (1968), defends Aquinas's notio...
A fifth group is that of the many English-speaking philosophers who have worked within "analytic" philosophy, a tradition much influenced by the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein and the British Bertrand Russell, G.E. Moore, Gilbert Ryle and J.L. Austin. Kai Nielsen uses this philosophy to question the foundations of religion and metaphysics. Alistair M...
Sixth, 20th-century European philosophy has had a substantial influence in Canada. Emil FACKENHEIM shows these influences of German phenomenology and French existentialism in Metaphysics and Historicity (1961) along with those of Hegel and of 19th-century German philosophy in general. The most extensive work in this genre in French Canada is Exista...
Seventh, there has recently been a return to the rationalist metaphysics best represented by 17th- and 18th-century philosophers such as Leibniz and Spinoza. This movement, generally using modern logical and analytic techniques, has been led by John Leslie and Helier J. Robinson. The rationalists had urged that one must start with questions about w...
There has also been a significant interest in the nature of religious practice and religious experience, where philosophy is used as a tool for understanding, but not challenging, religious belief. Examples of this approach include James Horne (who has been influenced by Tillich and Martin Buber), The Moral Mystic (1983), and Michel Despland, La Ré...
The Nature of Religion. Religion has been traditionally defined as a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values.
Sep 20, 2023 · Abstract: The Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) holds that religion emerges from human cognition and its intuitions. Hence, it describes religion as a ‘natural’ belief in ‘supernatural agents’. Traditional theology also maintained that there is an ‘innate’ or ‘implanted’ knowledge of God or gods.
Mar 15, 2021 · Whereas the human—or non-human—biologist may ask what modern humans are like, just as they may ask what bonobos are like, the question that traditional philosophical accounts of human nature are plausibly attempting to answer is what it is like to live one’s life as a contemporary human.
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Study of religion, the intellectual academic attempt to understand the various aspects of religion. It emerged during the 19th century, when the approaches of history, philology, literary criticism, and various social sciences were used to examine the history, origins, and functions of religion.
