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Oct 31, 2020 · The orbital apex is the area between the orbit and intracranial space that houses structures like the optic canal (OC), superior orbital fissure (SOF), and inferior orbital fissure (IOF), forming an opening to the orbit [2, 19, 30, 52, 92, 94, 108].
- Orbital apex disorders: Imaging findings and management
Orbital apex (OA) disorders include three groups of...
- Orbital Anatomy for the Surgeon - PMC - National Center for ...
From the medial orbital rim to apex, the orbit measures...
- Orbital apex disorders: Imaging findings and management
- Disease
- Anatomy
- Etiology
- Pathophysiology
- Signs/Symptoms
- Differential Diagnosis
Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) involves cranial neuropathies in association with optic nerve dysfunction. Orbital apex syndrome is symptomatically related to superior orbital fissure syndrome and cavernous sinus syndrome with similar etiologies. The distinction is the precise anatomic involvement of the disease process.
The orbital apex is anatomically the posterior part of the orbit positioned at the craniofacial junction located where the four orbital walls converge. The orbital apex incorporates the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure. The optic canal transmits the optic nerve (surrounded by meninges) and the ophthalmic artery to the cranial fossa. The...
Variety of etiologies and detailed history is important in narrowing the differential diagnosis. 1. Inflammatory 1.1. Sarcoidosis, SLE, Churg-Strauss syndrome, granulomatosis with polyangiitis , Tolosa Hunt Syndrome, Giant cell arteritis, Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, thyroid orbitopathy, IgG4 related orbital myositis 2. Infectious – Most often...
In the orbital apex syndrome dysfunction of the optic nerve (II), oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), abducens nerve (VI), and/or the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1) may occur. The exact etiology is protean but may be generally divided into inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, and iatrogenic causes.
The most common initial manifestation of OAS is visual loss and ophthalmoplegia involving multiple cranial nerves
Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome (SOFS)Cavernous Sinus Syndrome (CSS)Jul 25, 2015 · Ophthalmology Review. July 25, 2015. Anatomy. When learning about orbital anatomy, the dimensions are one of the many aspects you need to know extremely well. As you've probably seen in many texts, stats about the volume, height, width, and depth are almost always listed. While the actual numbers are pretty easy to remember - they go up by 5 ...
Feb 8, 2018 · Orbital apex (OA) disorders include three groups of disorders: orbital apex syndrome (OAS), superior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS) and cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS). OAS, also known as Jacod syndrome, is an uncommon disorder related to various etiologies involving the OA, including trauma, neoplastic, developmental, infectious, inflammatory as well as vascular causes.
- Pradeep Goyal, Steven Lee, Nishant Gupta, Yogesh Kumar, Manisha Mangla, Kusum Hooda, Shuo Li, Rajiv ...
- 10.1177/1971400917740361
- 2018
- Neuroradiol J. 2018 Apr; 31(2): 104-125.
From the medial orbital rim to apex, the orbit measures approximately 45 mm in length, whereas from the lateral orbital rim to the apex, the measurement is approximately 1 cm shorter. 1,2. When considering the size and shape of the orbit, it is a well-designed and protective structure, which shields the ocular globes (extensions of the brain).
- Timothy A. Turvey, Brent A. Golden
- 10.1016/j.coms.2012.08.003
- 2012
- 2012/11
Oct 31, 2020 · The orbital apex is the narrowest part of the orbit, housing the link between the intracranial cavity and orbit. Knowledge of orbital apex anatomy is crucial to selecting a surgical approach and reducing the risk of complications. Our purpose is to summarize current knowledge on surgical anatomy and attempt to reach a consensus on definition of ...
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Jul 2, 2019 · The eyes (“globes”) are housed in bilateral orbital cavities, two symmetric, pear-shaped depressions in the anterior mid-skull, with large openings anteriorly to permit vision and small ones posteriorly for communication with the cranial cavity. Each orbit is formed by seven interconnected bones (Fig. 1.1). Three of these are single bones ...
