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Oct 31, 2020 · René reported that the orbital apex is located 44–50 mm posteriorly . Smerdon stated that the distance between the back of the eye and the apex is slightly less than the length of the intraorbital part of the optic nerve (ON) [ 102 ].
- Orbital apex disorders: Imaging findings and management
Orbital apex (OA) disorders include three groups of...
- Orbital Anatomy for the Surgeon - PMC - National Center for ...
From the medial orbital rim to apex, the orbit measures...
- Orbital apex disorders: Imaging findings and management
- Disease
- Anatomy
- Etiology
- Pathophysiology
- Signs/Symptoms
- Differential Diagnosis
Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) involves cranial neuropathies in association with optic nerve dysfunction. Orbital apex syndrome is symptomatically related to superior orbital fissure syndrome and cavernous sinus syndrome with similar etiologies. The distinction is the precise anatomic involvement of the disease process.
The orbital apex is anatomically the posterior part of the orbit positioned at the craniofacial junction located where the four orbital walls converge. The orbital apex incorporates the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure. The optic canal transmits the optic nerve (surrounded by meninges) and the ophthalmic artery to the cranial fossa. The...
Variety of etiologies and detailed history is important in narrowing the differential diagnosis. 1. Inflammatory 1.1. Sarcoidosis, SLE, Churg-Strauss syndrome, granulomatosis with polyangiitis , Tolosa Hunt Syndrome, Giant cell arteritis, Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, thyroid orbitopathy, IgG4 related orbital myositis 2. Infectious – Most often...
In the orbital apex syndrome dysfunction of the optic nerve (II), oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), abducens nerve (VI), and/or the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1) may occur. The exact etiology is protean but may be generally divided into inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, and iatrogenic causes.
The most common initial manifestation of OAS is visual loss and ophthalmoplegia involving multiple cranial nerves
Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome (SOFS)Cavernous Sinus Syndrome (CSS)Feb 8, 2018 · Orbital apex (OA) disorders include three groups of disorders: orbital apex syndrome (OAS), superior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS) and cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS). OAS, also known as Jacod syndrome, is an uncommon disorder related to various etiologies involving the OA, including trauma, neoplastic, developmental, infectious, inflammatory as well as vascular causes.
- Pradeep Goyal, Steven Lee, Nishant Gupta, Yogesh Kumar, Manisha Mangla, Kusum Hooda, Shuo Li, Rajiv ...
- 10.1177/1971400917740361
- 2018
- Neuroradiol J. 2018 Apr; 31(2): 104-125.
Nov 3, 2023 · The apex of the orbit is the optic foramen (canal), bound medially by the body of the sphenoid bone and laterally by the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. It is medial to the superior orbital fissure. The optic foramen provides passage for the optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic artery to exit the skull.
- Content Manager
- 18 min
Diagram of eye with surrounding superior, oblique, medial and inferior rectus muscles; supraorbital foramen shown above the eye, and inferior orbital fissure inferolaterally. In anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket/hole of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, [ 1 ] or it can ...
From the medial orbital rim to apex, the orbit measures approximately 45 mm in length, whereas from the lateral orbital rim to the apex, the measurement is approximately 1 cm shorter. 1,2. When considering the size and shape of the orbit, it is a well-designed and protective structure, which shields the ocular globes (extensions of the brain).
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Jul 2, 2019 · The orbital apex (a) lies just anterior to the cavernous sinus (b), located in the middle cranial fossa on either side of the sphenoid sinus. All the important neurovascular structures supplying the eye, except the optic nerve, travel through this venous sinus before entering the orbit.
