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Thermal structure of the atmosphere
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- Venus Express studies the thermal structure of the atmosphere by means of global, simultaneous, and spatially resolved spectroscopic observations in the wavelength range from UV to thermal IR.
agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2008JE003290
Jun 21, 2009 · Venus Express is the first European (ESA) mission to the planet Venus. Its main science goal is to carry out a global survey of the atmosphere, the plasma environment, and the surface of Venus from orbit. The payload consists of seven experiments.
- Venus Express - SpringerLink
Venus Express was the first ESA mission to Venus,...
- Venus Express - SpringerLink
Venus Express studied the Venusian atmosphere and clouds in detail, the plasma environment and the surface characteristics of Venus from orbit. It also made global maps of the Venusian surface temperatures.
- Thermal Structure: Issi Results—Towards A New Vira Model
- The Upper Cloud Layer
- The Lower Cloud Layer
- The Polar Vortex
- Zonal Circulation
- Lower Atmosphere Composition
- Sulfur Compounds Above The Clouds
Venus Express has established an updated picture of the thermal structure of Venus, essentially within the layers located above the deep atmosphere (between 40 and >\(100\hbox { km}\)). Four instruments contributed to this mission effort for a better characterization of the temperature variation in the cloud layers and above: (VeRa) through radio o...
Measuring on the day side on the \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) absorption, one can retrieve from an equivalent reflecting layer model the altitude of the layer, and its variation with location. This has been done by simultaneous observations of VIRTIS and VMC data on Venus Express in near infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths (Ignatiev et al. 2009). The pictur...
The thick cloud cover makes it difficult to probe its lower part and has, therefore, remained the least characterized of the Venus cloud region. For instance, there is a continuing debate about the nature of the coarser mode particles found in the base of the clouds below 50 km using LPCS data (Knollenberg and Hunten 1980). This population has neve...
The polar vortex study is one of the most appealing results from Venus Express mission: the polar orbit of the spacecraft gave a direct global view above the South Pole of Venus, when the North Pole was observed too close to map the clouds at large scale. The South polar vortex of Venus was not unknown before Venus Express: Mariner 10 en routeto Me...
Wind measurements: show the structure of the zonal winds from South Pole to Equator with two regimes below and above \(60^{\circ }\). The Venus Express wind measurements were obtained at different wavelengths, sounding various levels in the atmosphere: 1. UV (300–400 nm), dayside, from sunlight reflectivity, sounding at 65–70 km 2. NIR \(({\sim }95...
The composition of Venus’ lower atmosphere, beneath the clouds, has been investigated prior to Venus Express both by in situ and remote-sensing observations. A pre-VEX summary of all the information compiled for the atmospheric composition is presented in Bézard et al. (1990). The vertical profile of water vapor in the 0–45-km-altitude range and th...
Sulfur is, among major atmospheric compounds on Venus, one that has attracted most of the attention to date considering its link to the thick cloud layer and to its potential to reveal ongoing exchanges between the crust and the atmosphere. It remains unclear what are the exact processes that drive today the long-term equilibrium of sulfur in the a...
- Pierre Drossart, Franck Montmessin
- 2015
Jan 1, 2004 · This paper summarizes the main results of the mission analysis of the 2005 launch window of Venus Express. The operational orbit is a polar eccentric orbit with about a 1 day period. The...
Venus Express was the first ESA mission to Venus, operational from 2005 to 2014. It performed a global investigation of the atmosphere and the plasma environment of the planet, and addressed several important aspects of geology and surface physics.
Sep 8, 2019 · Below are listed some highlights of the scientific results from the ESA Venus Express mission. The full details of each result, including the high-resolution versions of the image or video data, can be obtained by clicking on the corresponding highlight image.
What makes Venus Express special? Venus Express is special because it aims to study the Venusian atmosphere and clouds in unprecedented detail and accuracy. It is ESA's first spacecraft to visit this planet. It is hoped it will also achieve several other 'firsts', such as:
