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Venus Express (VEX) was the first Venus exploration mission of the European Space Agency (ESA). Launched in November 2005, it arrived at Venus in April 2006 and began continuously sending back science data from its polar orbit around Venus.
What makes Venus Express special? Venus Express is special because it aims to study the Venusian atmosphere and clouds in unprecedented detail and accuracy. It is ESA's first spacecraft to visit this planet. It is hoped it will also achieve several other 'firsts', such as:
Nov 9, 2005 · Venus Express was ESA's first spacecraft to study our nearest planetary neighbour. In particular, it investigated the noxious atmosphere and clouds in detail and made global maps of the planet’s surface temperatures.
Nov 9, 2005 · Venus Express was ESA's first spacecraft to voyage to our nearest planet; it was built around the design of Mars Express, making it quicker and cheaper to develop. It studied the planet's complex dynamics and chemistry, and the interactions between the atmosphere and the surface, which provided clues about the surface’s characteristics.
VIRTIS is an imaging spectrometer which allows Venus Express to map details of Venus from the surface to the mesosphere. Scientific objectives cover meteorology of the middle atmosphere, surface mineralogy, aeronomy of the upper atmosphere and a dynamical study of the Venusian atmosphere.
The Venus Express spacecraft is designed to cope with the specific mission requirements of a scientific spacecraft orbiting Venus, with extensive reuse of the Mars Express design.
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Venus Express was the first ESA mission to Venus, operational from 2005 to 2014. It performed a global investigation of the atmosphere and the plasma environment of the planet, and addressed several important aspects of geology and surface physics.
