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The general equation for a wave that moves at a speed v is y(x,t) = f(x - vt) •The quantity x - vt is known as the phase of the wave. •The phase gives us information about the displacement from the x - axis. •The speed v at which the disturbance propagates is called the wave speed or wave velocity.
2.1 What is a wave? A wave is a spatial form that translates in space while maintaining its shape. In general, a wave traveling in the x-direction can be represented by the function of the form f( ), where = x ct x0, so that. where c and x0 are constants, and u is whatever scalar physical quantity that constitutes the wave.
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Power The rate at which work is done or energy is expended. In symbols: P = Unit: watt (W) WAVES, SOUND AND LIGHT: DOPPLER EFFECT Doppler Effect The apparent change in frequency/pitch of the sound detected by a listener because the sound source and the listener have different velocities relative to the medium of sound propagation.
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- A1 = A0cos(ωt −ky + φ1) (40)
- A2 = A0cos(ωt −ky + φ2) (41)
An extremely important quantity related to waves is power. We want to use waves to do things, such as transmit sound or light, or energy in a wire. Thus we want to know the rate at which work can be done using a wave. For example, if you have an incoming sound wave, how much power can be transmitted by the wave to a microphone? For an incoming trav...
Now we are ready to discuss one of the most important concepts in waves (and perhaps all of physics) constructive and destructive interference.. Suppose we have a speaker emitting sound a frequency ω. If the speaker is at y = 0 it and we are at large enough distances, the sound will appear as a plane wave
Now say we have another speaker directly behind the first speaker producing the same sound at the same volume. We also find a plane wave solution are at large enough distances, the sound will appear as a plane wave
We know the frequencies are the same, and k is the same, but the phases can be different. The total wave is then
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The intensity I of a wave is definted to be the power per unit area (the rate of energy transfer per unit area), so that I = P A or I = 1 2ρv(ωsmax)2 So the intensity of a periodic sound wave is proportional to the square of the displacement amplitude and to the square of the angular frequency. Sound level in decibels
A wave is a correlated collection of oscillations. For example, in a transverse wave traveling along a string, each point in the string oscillates back and forth in the transverse direc-
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Earlier we found that the energy density of an electromagnetic wave is: which does NOT depend on the frequency of the wave. where N is the number of photons per m3. This explicitly does depends on the frequency of the wave. and the proportionality constant must depend on the frequency of the wave.
