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Feb 17, 2023 · Soil Horizons. The soil is the topmost layer of the earth’s crust consisting of air, water, inorganic minerals (rock, sand, clay, and slit), and organic matter (dead plants and animals). It forms the source of food for plants. It provides shelter for many animals such as insects, centipedes, burrowing animals, microorganisms, and many others.
A soil layer is a zone in the soil, approximately parallel to the soil surface, with properties different from layers above and/or below it. If at least one of these properties is the result of soil-forming processes, the layer is called a soil horizon. In the following, the term layer is used to indicate the possibility that soil-forming ...
Dig down deep into any soil, and you’ll see that it is made of layers, or horizons (O, A, E, B, C, R). Put the horizons together, and they form a soil profile. Like a biography, each profile tells a story about the life of a soil. Most soils have three major horizons (A, B, C) and some have an organic horizon (O). The horizons are:
The soil is arranged in layers or horizons during its formation. These layers or horizons are known as the soil profile. It is the vertical section of the soil that is exposed by a soil pit. The layers of soil can easily be identified by the soil colour and size of soil particles. The different layers of soil are: Topsoil; Subsoil; Parent rock
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C - refers to the horizon directly below the B horizon called parent rock or substratum. This horizon is hardly affected by the processes affecting A and B, and contains a lot of parent material. R - refers to the lowest and hardest soil horizon known as bedrock. W - refers to a layer where water starts to appear (not shown in Figure 15).
The R layer (D horizon) is the bedrock, or sometimes, the sediment from which the other horizons develop. Originally, this rock lay exposed at the surface where it weathered rapidly into soil. The depth from the surface to the R layer depends on the interrelationships between the climate, the age of the soil, the slope, and the number The ...
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Soil horizons are layers in the soil, each with different characteristics. They form over time, due to various natural processes. From top to bottom, these layers have different colors, textures, and materials. This soil profile helps scientists understand soil’s health and composition. Each horizon plays a unique role in the ecosystem.
