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- “The Sun’s very high-energy x-rays and UV radiation hits the [gas] molecules, and it knocks off electrons from their parent atoms [leaving] a lot of ions. So that’s why we call it [the] ionosphere,” explained Ueyama. When these particles are excited, they collide to create auroras – also known as the northern and southern lights.
www.nasa.gov/general/what-is-earths-atmosphere/
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Stars are giant balls of hot gas – mostly hydrogen, with some helium and small amounts of other elements. Every star has its own life cycle, ranging from a few million to trillions of years, and its properties change as it ages. Birth. Stars form in large clouds of gas and dust called molecular clouds.
- What Is... Earth's Atmosphere? - NASA
When aerosols, small particles that are suspended in the air...
- What Is... Earth's Atmosphere? - NASA
“Weather” in that atmosphere can result in plumes of particles that sweep across the Solar System. Astronomers study the atmospheric chemistry and stellar weather on distant stars by studying the spectrum and fluctuations in the light they produce.
- Clues from Our Past
- Looking to Our Future
- Building Our Knowledge of How Stars and Planets Begin
In cosmic phenomena, we see echoes of our distant past. Massive clouds of gas and dust condense into centralized protostars, that in turn emit powerful solar wind and bursts of radiation. A newborn star emerges from its molecular cloud nursery. Material left over from the star’s formation collapses into protoplanets. Each of these observations—now ...
Stars follow different paths as they age, determined by their mass, with the most massive burning their fuel exponentially faster. Smaller stars, like our Sun, live long lives. As they start to run out of hydrogen fuel in their core, they expand and turn red, becoming red giants. The byproducts of fusion collect in the core and, if the star is mass...
Our current understanding of how, when, and where stars and planets form and evolve is advanced through theory and observation. Data from current and next-generation telescopes will inform new computational models for stellar and planetary life cycles. These models are refined and may yield new theoretical discoveries which are in turn tested again...
Mar 20, 2019 · Stars are huge celestial bodies made mostly of hydrogen and helium that produce light and heat from the churning nuclear forges inside their cores. Aside from our sun, the dots of light we see in...
From our vantage point on Earth, the Sun may appear like an unchanging source of light and heat in the sky. But the Sun is a dynamic star, constantly changing and sending energy out into space. The science of studying the Sun and its influence throughout the solar system is called heliophysics.
Dec 1, 2020 · sun: The star at the center of Earth’s solar system. It is about 27,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way galaxy. Also a term for any sunlike star. tropopause: A boundary between the two lower layers of Earth's atmosphere, the troposphere and the stratosphere. That boundary layer varies with latitude, running from a height of about ...
May 13, 2024 · When aerosols, small particles that are suspended in the air and emitted from natural (wildfires, volcanoes) and anthropogenic activity (fossil fuel combustion), populate the atmosphere, the atmospheric composition changes.