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    • We have ambulances and hospitals. The Civil War began during medieval medicine's last gasp and ended at the dawn of modern medicine. Each side entered the war with puny squads of physicians trained by textbook, if at all.
    • We prize America as a land of opportunity. The Civil War paved the way for Americans to live, learn and move about in ways that had seemed all but inconceivable just a few years earlier.
    • We begin summer with a tribute to fallen soldiers. Ever wonder why we display flags and memorialize fallen solders just as summer gets under way? Flowers, that's why.
    • We let technology guide how we communicate. Abraham Lincoln was a techie. A product of the Industrial Revolution, Lincoln is the only president to have held a patent (for a device to buoy boats over shoals).
  1. Civil War begins. Rockefeller, like some other northern businessmen, hires substitutes to avoid fighting. ... The institute, called Rockefeller University today, will become a leader in the new ...

    • American Experience
    • Business Profits and The Civil War
    • Rockefeller's Investment in The Oil Wells of Pennsylvania
    • Cleveland Becomes A Center of Oil Refining
    • A Disagreement on Business Strategy: Rockefeller and Maurice Clark
    • Rockefeller Hires A Substitute Draftee in The Civil War
    • Rockefeller Takes Control of His Firm

    Rockefeller's shipping business prospered mightily as the Civil War progressed. The first casualty of the war had been the bountiful trade of the Mississippi River. This drove Mark Twain to Nevada, and it drove the shipment of Midwestern crops to the east, directly through Cleveland. At the same time government contracts for food, clothes, and guns...

    By the mid 1850s, the golden age of whaling had eclipsed. The oil that this industry produced increased in price, increasing the cost of illumination. To the extent that industries needed lubrication, they too were hamstrung. It was in response to this that a group of New Englanders dispatched Colonel Edmund Drake to some oil deposits near Titusvil...

    Since there was no way of knowing how much oil was in the ground, most drillers and refiners treated the business as a transient phenomenon. Those who made money pocketed that money -- few tried to invest for the long-term. In the first days of the boom, anyone who wasn't on the battlefields could make good money with a fly-by-night refinery, while...

    Rockefeller wanted to bring order and a long-term outlookto this business, including the use of leverage to expand his operations. His partner at the time, Maurice Clark, preferred to operate on a cash-only basis and pocket the short term profits. Clark was one of those who saw the oil fields as a short-term windfall -- not something worth taking a...

    Also in 1863, the United States instituted a draft, hoping to shift the balance of a deadlocked war. The criteria for eligibility was wide, but there was a key exemption. It was possible to pay a "substitute"to report in one's place. Rockefeller took advantage of this and hired an unknown person to serve in his place for the remainder of the war. T...

    By the start 1865, Rockefeller had the financial support and savings that he needed to buy his main partner out (Samuel Andrews would keep his small share). His intentions, carefully kept secret for two years, were now brought out into the open. At an opportune moment in the midst of a loud argument, Rockefeller suggested that they terminate the pa...

  2. The Spelman Family, Rockefeller's in-laws, along with John Rockefeller were ardent abolitionists before the Civil War and were dedicated to supporting the Underground Railroad. [115] John Rockefeller was impressed by the vision of the school and removed the debt from the school.

  3. John D. Rockefeller, Sr. Rockefeller Archive Center. John D. Rockefeller was born July 8, 1839, in Richford, New York, about midway between Binghamton and Ithaca. His father, William Avery ...

  4. Jul 19, 2021 · John was born in Richford, New York, the son of William Avery Rockefeller and Eliza (Davison) Rockefeller. His father, a traveling salesman of dubious medical cures, was supporting a bigamous second family and was seldom home. John was of Scots, Yankee, and German ancestry. His mother was a devoutly religious Baptist, strait-laced and austere.

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  6. Jul 8, 2014 · Rockefeller’s commodity business profited handsomely from the Civil War and provided the necessary capital for his entrance into the oil business. 4. Cleveland was the first epicenter of his oil ...

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