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  1. Before the arrival of Europeans 20–30 million people lived in South America. [ 50 ] Between 1452 and 1493, a series of papal bulls ( Dum Diversas , Romanus Pontifex , and Inter caetera ) paved the way for the European colonization and Catholic missions in the New World .

  2. In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era, also known as the pre-contact era, or as the pre-Cabraline era specifically in Brazil, spans from the initial peopling of the Americas in the Upper Paleolithic to the onset of European colonization, which began with Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492.

  3. Sep 8, 2024 · Pre-Columbian civilizations, the aboriginal American Indian cultures that evolved in Mesoamerica (part of Mexico and Central America) and the Andean region (western South America) prior to Spanish exploration and conquest in the 16th century.

  4. Feb 16, 2024 · From Maya and Aztec in Mesoamerica to Inca in South America, these are the major Pre-Columbian Civilizations that dominated the Americas before the arrival of Europeans.

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    • About this unit

    About this unit

    A beginner's guide to South America before European colonization

    A beginner's guide to South America before European colonization

  5. Mar 11, 2015 · The Inca Empire was a vast South American civilization that at its peak stretched over 2,500 miles. Overwhelmed by Spanish invaders, the Inca Empire collapsed in 1572.

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  7. 5 days ago · History of Latin America, the history of the region (South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Romance language-speaking Caribbean islands) from the pre-Columbian period, including Spanish and Portuguese colonization, the 19th-century wars of independence, and developments to the end of the 20th century.