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The Mars 6 bus flew by Mars at a minimum distance of 1600 km. Also carried a lander. Mars 7's lander was released prematurely and missed Mars. Mariner 10 flew by Venus at a minimum distance of 5768 km. It was the first use of a gravity assist by an interplanetary spacecraft. Voyager 2 flew by Jupiter.
SpacecraftDestinationLaunch DateReached PlanetVenus17 August 197015 December 1970 landedMars19 May 197127 November 1971 impactMars28 May 19712 December 1971 entered orbit/landedMars30 May 197114 November 1971 entered orbitMariner 1, 2. Part of the Mariner program. Mariner 2 was the world's first successful interplanetary spacecraft. It became the first spacecraft to flyby another planet on December 14, 1962 when it passed within 34,833 kilometers from the surface of Venus. During its flyby, Mariner 2 measured the temperatures of the clouds and surface of Venus ...
NameInt'l Desig.DateOrbitMariner 1none7/22/62FTOMariner 21962-A [Rho]18/27/62Solar- United States
- JPL
- NASA
May 1, 2014 · Though NASA’s Magellan radar mapper was not the first mission to Venus, it was unique in that it was the first interplanetary spacecraft deployed from a space shuttle. It also was the first spacecraft sent to complete a radar map of the entire surface of the planet and study the geology and surface geophysics. The STS-30 mission on space ...
Sep 24, 2018 · Mariner 2 flew by Venus on Dec. 14, 1962, becoming the world's first successful interplanetary spacecraft. In addition to being the first spacecraft to cruise interplanetary space, it also measured solar wind for the first time. This elusive stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun could hold keys to the formation of the universe.
- NASA/JPL-Caltech
Aug 26, 2002 · On August 27, 1962, NASA scientists and engineers paused with anticipation as they watched the launch of Mariner 2, a spacecraft whose journey would make history and help pave the way for interplanetary exploration. Three and one-half months later, on December 14, 1962, the JPL-built Mariner 2 flew by Venus, becoming the world's first ...
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory
The United States launched the first reusable spacecraft, the Space Shuttle, on the 20th anniversary of Gagarin's flight, April 12, 1981. On November 15, 1988, the Soviet Union duplicated this with an uncrewed flight of the only Buran-class shuttle to fly, its first and only reusable spacecraft. It was never used again after the first flight ...
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Timeline of space exploration. This is a timeline of space exploration which includes notable achievements, first accomplishments and milestones in humanity's exploration of outer space. This timeline generally does not distinguish achievements by a specific country or private company, as it considers humanity as a whole.
