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Mariner 1, built to conduct the first American planetary flyby of Venus, was the first spacecraft of NASA's interplanetary Mariner program.Developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and originally planned to be a purpose-built probe launched summer 1962, Mariner 1's design was changed when the Centaur proved unavailable at that early date.
Dec 3, 2012 · Mariner 2 was the first successful interplanetary spacecraft. It flew past Venus in 1962. (Image credit: NASA) Mariner 2, which flew by Venus in 1962, was the first spacecraft to successfully fly ...
- Venus Express. The European Space Agency's Venus Express studied the planet's ionosphere and atmosphere, enabling scientists to draw important conclusions about the surface.
- MESSENGER. NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft flew past Venus twice on its way to Mercury.
- Cassini-Huygens. NASA and the European Space Agency's Cassini-Huygens mission visited Venus twice during its long trek out to Saturn.
- Magellan. NASA's Magellan orbiter mapped over 98% of Venus at a resolution of 100 meters or better using its radar.
The primary goal of the Mariner 10 was to study the atmosphere (if any), surface and physical characteristics of Mercury. Soon after leaving Earth orbit, the spacecraft returned striking photos of both Earth and the Moon as it sped to its first destination, Venus. The Earth-Moon system, as seen by NASA’s Mariner 10 spacecraft in 1973.
- United States of America (USA)
- Mariner-73J / Mariner-J
- Mercury Flyby, Venus Flyby
- 1,100 pounds (502.9 kilograms)
Dec 14, 2022 · Human-built spacecraft have been exploring other planets for a full 60 years. On Dec. 14, 1962, a NASA spacecraft called Mariner 2 flew past Venus in the first-ever planetary flyby. The maneuver ...
Feb 18, 2022 · Both nations had developed spacecraft to send humans into space and selected a group of pilots to fly those spacecraft. The Soviets leaped ahead by placing the first man, Yuri A. Gagarin, in space on April 12, 1961, on a one-orbit flight around the Earth aboard his Vostok spaceship.
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Dec 14, 2017 · Article. In 1962, Mariner 2 completed the first successful close-up observations of another planet when it flew by Venus. The spacecraft made a number of important scientific discoveries not only about the planet but also about interplanetary space during its transit. The road to Venus, however, was anything but easy.
