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1. www.smithsonianmag.com › science-nature › how-roadsHow Roads Have Transformed the Natural World | Smithsonian

   www.smithsonianmag.com › science-nature › how-roads

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   Sep 5, 2023 · Roads predate the wheel: Mesopotamian builders began laying mud- brick paths in 4000 B.C.E., centuries before anyone thought to drop a chariot onto a couple of potter’s disks. Today it’s ...

2. www.sciencedirect.com › science › articleSmart roads: A state of the art of highways innovations in ...

   www.sciencedirect.com › science › article

   Jan 1, 2022 · In particular, considering the overall annual values for 2010 and 2020, a growth of about 94% was recorded for “smart”, 165% for “smart city”, 82% for “smart mobility” and 64% for “smart highway”. More specifically, the growth has been much more consistent if we look at the research field in the last two decades.

   • Author: Andrea Pompigna, Raffaele Mauro

   • Publish Year: 2021

3. nrc-publications.canada.ca › eng › viewDevelopment of a winter road climate risk and vulnerability ...

   nrc-publications.canada.ca › eng › view

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   During FY2020-2021, a literature review of 54 documents was completed to examine Canada’s winter road network, identify parameters that affect winter road safety, models that assess the impact of climate change on winter roads, and identify standards for climate risk assessment related to northern infrastructure.

   • Format: Text, Technical Report

   • Physical description: 92 p.

4. www.cbc.ca › news › scienceWhy building more roads has environmental effects and won't ...

   www.cbc.ca › news › science

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   Dec 9, 2021 · In this week's issue of our environment newsletter, we explore why building more highways has an adverse effect on the environment and how the N.W.T. is falling short in protecting its vast peatlands.

5. iopscience.iop.org › article › 10Global patterns of current and future road infrastructure

   iopscience.iop.org › article › 10

   May 23, 2018 · Future research may focus on more spatially explicit modelling of future road network changes. According to our tentative projections, road length will increase by 3.0 to 4.7 million km in 2050, which represents an increase of 14%–23% compared to the present-day estimate (table 2).

   • Author: Johan R Meijer, Mark A J Huijbregts, Kees C G J Schotten, Aafke M Schipper, Aafke M Schipper

   • Publish Year: 2018

6. www.esa.org › 2021 › 06THE ECOLOGY OF RURAL ROADS: EFFECTS, MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH

   www.esa.org › 2021 › 06

   tigate the detrimental effects of roads and their traffic. This report explains these effects and examines implications of road ecology research for decisions and actions, including some management practices to he. r ecological effects of roads in rural landscapes include:Destruction of habita. including fragmentation of plant and animal ...

7. People also ask

   When did roads get their scientific due?

   • Considering the outsize effects of roads, it’s perhaps surprising that they didn’t truly receive their scientific due until the late 20th century. One afternoon in 1993, a landscape ecologist named Richard Forman was standing in his Harvard University office with a few students, admiring a satellite photograph of a forest.

   How Roads Have Transformed the Natural World | Smithsonian

   www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-roads-have-transformed-the-natural-world-180982809/

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   Will road length increase in 2050?

   • Future research may focus on more spatially explicit modelling of future road network changes. According to our tentative projections, road length will increase by 3.0 to 4.7 million km in 2050, which represents an increase of 14%–23% compared to the present-day estimate (table 2).

   Global patterns of current and future road infrastructure

   iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aabd42

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   How are global road length estimates calculated for 2050?

   • Global road length estimates (in million km and percent change) for 2050 for each of the five SSP scenarios, obtained by applying the road length regression models (table 1) to country-specific projections of GDP and population size as available for 165 countries. Country-specific road length estimates are provided in table S6.

   Global patterns of current and future road infrastructure

   iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aabd42

   See all results for this question

   What is AST 2021-0034?

   • Report (National Research Council of Canada. Automotive and Surface Transportation), no. AST-2021-0034 (15 May 2021). Zhang, Merrina, Alireza Roghani, Larry Hill, and Paul Barrette. ‘Winter Road Climate Risk & Vulnerability 2020-2023 Research Summary’.

   Development of a winter road climate risk and vulnerability review

   nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=80bd0054-2c30-409d-9cc7-8df0aea6a4eb

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   How did roads predate the wheel?

   • Roads predate the wheel: Mesopotamian builders began laying mud-brick paths in 4000 B.C.E., centuries before anyone thought to drop a chariot onto a couple of potter’s disks. Today it’s impossible to imagine life without the asphalt arteries that connect goods with markets, employees with jobs, families with each other.

   How Roads Have Transformed the Natural World | Smithsonian

   www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-roads-have-transformed-the-natural-world-180982809/

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   How can road ecology be applied in rural landscapes?

   • igating the negative effects of roads in rural landscapes. Road ecology can be applied advantageously in transportation policy, planning, and decision making to reduce the impacts of roads by evaluating development alternatives, including whether to buil

   THE ECOLOGY OF RURAL ROADS: EFFECTS, MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH

   www.esa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IIE_24-Rural-Roads.pdf

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8. www.nature.com › articles › s41597/021/01083-7Crash and disengagement data of autonomous vehicles on public ...

   www.nature.com › articles › s41597/021/01083-7

   Nov 23, 2021 · Our dataset presents the processed disengagement data from 2014 to 2019, crash data till the 10 th of March 2020 and supplementary road network and land-use data extracted from OpenStreetMap ...