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H Kauffman. Unobtrusive Research Methods – An Interpretative Essay By Michelle O’Brien. Introduction. Unobtrusive research methods include non-reactive behavioural observation, the historical examination of pre-existing archives such as statistics or records, the study of physical traces, and the critical analysis of cultural content.
In this chapter, we explore unobtrusive methods of collecting data. Unobtrusive research1 refers to methods of collecting data that don’t interfere with the subjects under study (because these methods are not obtrusive). Both qualitative and quantitative researchers use unobtrusive research methods. Unobtrusive methods share the unique ...
- Unobtrusive methods
- Principles of research design
- Hypothetico–deductive design
- The ethnographic–inductive design
- Rationale and problems
- Ethics and research ownership
In 1966, Eugene Webb, Donald Campbell, Richard Schwartz and Lee Sechrest published a book entitled Unobtrusive Measures: Non-Reac-tive Research in the Social Sciences. A witty and clever book, it introduced readers to the study of physical traces, archival work, simple observation and the use of hardware. ‘Chapter nine’ con-tained only Cardinal New...
PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH DESIGN Most books or articles on research design begin with abstract principles and end in one of two ways: either the advice concludes with an example or, alternatively, with a short discussion of how research reports should be presented. The abstract principles intro-duce difficult ideas such as ‘conceptual definitions’, ‘p...
The hypothetico–deductive design is so called because it tests hypotheses (hypothetico) and it does this by testing a general theory on a particular sample of cases. It moves, therefore, from the general idea/theory/hypotheses to the particular (deductive) sample of a study. The first section of this kind of research report is the literature review...
The ethnographic–inductive design is so called because it has often been favoured by anthropologists in their fieldwork. Anthropologists develop a picture of society through a multitude or combination of methods. These primarily include observations of one sort or another but also include some interviews, the use of informants, and the study of phy...
As I mentioned earlier the main influences behind the hypothetico– deductive design are the quantitative approaches to the social sciences. These approaches have had a number of philosophical influences which were important in their developing and justifying this approach. Quantitative researchers believe that their research designs are scientific....
Many people write alone. They design a study, collect experiences or data, go into a room somewhere and write all about it. Many theses are written this way. But beyond the writing of the solitary worker, many others work collaboratively in matters of design, data collection and analysis, and finally jointly write the report or publications which s...
One step to a more objective evaluation of reference service is the use of "test questions" to determine the librarian's ability to provide answers. Test questions were perhaps first used by Lowell Martin in his 1945 dissertation [1]. But evaluation by submitting a set of reference questions to the reference staff also has its drawbacks.
After reading this chapter, students should be able to do the following: Define unobtrusive methods and explain what is meant by reactive and non-reactive research methods. Explain what physical trace analysis is used for and differentiate between erosion and accretion measures. Differentiate between public and private archives and note a main ...
The earliest known use of the adjective obtrusive is in the mid 1600s. OED's earliest evidence for obtrusive is from 1652, in the writing of Thomas Urquhart, author and translator. obtrusive is a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin obtrūs-, obtrūdere, ‑ive suffix. See etymology.
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2012. The debates about the interrelations between reason and law have undergone a change after the eighteenth century. References to the recta ratio of jusnaturalistic tradition have not disappeared, but other comprehensions of legal reason have developed.
