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Define psychology. the scientific study of mind and behavior. Goals of psychologists in terms of both basic science and application. psychologists seek to understand how and why people think, feel, and act. goals: 1. describe, 2. explain, 3. predict, and 4. influence behavior and mental processes. Basic Research- accumulating knowledge research.
Oct 2, 2024 · Psychology 2020 test 1. Get a hint. Division of the life span into periods of development is a social construction. This indicates that. it is a concept inverted by a particular culture. 1 / 50.
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Psychology is the study of a.) mental illness b.) the brain c.) behavior and mental processes d.) observable behavior in humans and animals, The followers of ____________ argue that there is a close relationship between animal behavior and human behavior. a.) Jean Jacques Rousseau b.) Charles Darwin c.) John Locke d.) Rene ...
By 1967, Ulric Neisser published the first textbook entitled Cognitive Psychology, which served as a core text in cognitive psychology courses around the country (Thorne & Henley, 2005). Although no one person is entirely responsible for starting the cognitive revolution, Noam Chomsky was very influential in the early days of this movement ( Figure 1.9 ).
- Early Psychologists
- Structuralism: Introspection and The Awareness of Subjective Experience
- Functionalism and Evolutionary Psychology
- Psychodynamic Psychology
- Behaviourism
- Humanism
- The Cognitive Approach and Cognitive Neuroscience
- Social-Cultural Psychology
The earliest psychologists that we know about are the Greek philosophers Plato (428–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC). These philosophers (see Figure 1.2) asked many of the same questions that today’s psychologists ask; for instance, they questioned the distinction between nature and nurture and the existence of free will. In terms of the former, ...
Wundt’s research in his laboratory in Leipzig focused on the nature of consciousness itself. Wundt and his students believed that it was possible to analyze the basic elements of the mind and to classify our conscious experiences scientifically. Wundt began the field known asstructuralism, a school of psychology whose goal was to identify the basic...
In contrast to Wundt, who attempted to understand the nature of consciousness, William James and the other members of theschool of functionalismaimed to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular psychological aspects that they currently possess (Hunt, 1993). For James, one’s thinking was relevant only to one’s behaviour. As he...
Perhaps the school of psychology that is most familiar to the general public is the psychodynamic approach to understanding behaviour, which was started by Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) with his invention of psychoanalysis and taken up by his followers. Psychodynamic psychology is an approach to understanding human behaviour that focuses on the role of...
Although they differed in approach, both structuralism and functionalism were essentially studies of the mind, as was psychoanalysis. On the other hand, the psychologists associated with the school of behaviourism were reacting, in part, to the difficulties psychologists encountered when they tried to understand the mind — the mind is not easy to o...
Imagine that you are interested in psychology and that the main perspectives are either psychoanalysis or behaviourism. On the one hand, you must make the assumption that people’s motivations are often lost to them because they are in the unconscious, that childhood experiences are critical for the one’s happiness and functioning later in life, and...
Science is always influenced by the technology that surrounds it, and psychology is no exception. Thus, it is no surprise that beginning in the 1960s, growing numbers of psychologists began to think about the brain and about human behaviour in terms of the computer, which was being developed and becoming publicly available at that time. The analogy...
A final approach, which takes a higher level of analysis, is social-cultural psychology, which is the study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behaviour. People are often described as “social animals.” Indeed, we are embedded in social roles (e.g., mother, daughter, sister, etc.) and...
1888. First professor of psychology. The academic title “professor of psychology” is given to James McKeen Cattell in 1888, the first use of this designation in the United States. A student of Wilhelm Wundt’s, Cattell serves as professor of psychology at University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University.
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James and Functionalism. William James (1842–1910) was the first American psychologist who espoused a different perspective on how psychology should operate (Figure IP.3). James was introduced to Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection and accepted it as an explanation of an organism’s characteristics.
