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United Online, Inc. was an independent public company formed by the 2001 merger of NetZero and Juno Online Services. [1] It is currently a subsidiary of investment bank B. Riley Financial . [ 2 ] The company's range of products and services has evolved significantly since its inception as a provider of dial-up Internet access.
- Overview
- Fields and subfields
political science, the systematic study of governance by the application of empirical and generally scientific methods of analysis. As traditionally defined and studied, political science examines the state and its organs and institutions. The contemporary discipline, however, is considerably broader than this, encompassing studies of all the societal, cultural, and psychological factors that mutually influence the operation of government and the body politic.
Although political science borrows heavily from the other social sciences, it is distinguished from them by its focus on power—defined as the ability of one political actor to get another actor to do what it wants—at the international, national, and local levels. Political science is generally used in the singular, but in French and Spanish the plural (sciences politiques and ciencias políticas, respectively) is used, perhaps a reflection of the discipline’s eclectic nature. Although political science overlaps considerably with political philosophy, the two fields are distinct. Political philosophy is concerned primarily with political ideas and values, such as rights, justice, freedom, and political obligation (whether people should or should not obey political authority); it is normative in its approach (i.e., it is concerned with what ought to be rather than with what is) and rationalistic in its method. In contrast, political science studies institutions and behaviour, favours the descriptive over the normative, and develops theories or draws conclusions based on empirical observations, which are expressed in quantitative terms where possible.
Modern university departments of political science (alternatively called government or politics at some institutions) are often divided into several fields, each of which contains various subfields.
1.Domestic politics is generally the most common field of study; its subfields include public opinion, elections, national government, and state, local, or regional government.
2.Comparative politics focuses on politics within countries (often grouped into world regions) and analyzes similarities and differences between countries.
3.International relations considers the political relationships and interactions between countries, including the causes of war, the formation of foreign policy, international political economy, and the structures that increase or decrease the policy options available to governments. International relations is organized as a separate department in some universities.
4.Political theory includes classical political philosophy and contemporary theoretical perspectives (e.g., constructivism, critical theory, and postmodernism).
5.Public administration studies the role of the bureaucracy. It is the field most oriented toward practical applications within political science and is often organized as a separate department that prepares students for careers in the civil service.
The antecedents of Western politics can be traced back to the Socratic political philosophers, such as Aristotle ("The Father of Political Science") (384–322 BC). Aristotle was one of the first people to give a working definition of political science. He believed that it was a powerful branch of science, and that it held special authority ...
5 days ago · Political science - History, Theory, Practice: Analyses of politics appeared in ancient cultures in works by various thinkers, including Confucius (551–479 bce) in China and Kautilya (flourished 300 bce) in India. Writings by the historian Ibn Khaldūn (1332–1406) in North Africa have greatly influenced the study of politics in the Arabic-speaking world. But the fullest explication of ...
The term political science is more popular in post-1960s North America than elsewhere while universities predating the 1960s or those historically influenced by them would call the field of study government; [43] other institutions, especially those outside the United States, see political science as part of a broader discipline of political studies or politics in general.
Howard G. Phanstiel has served as Chairman of United Online since November 2013 and as a director of United Online since October 2008. In addition, he was a member of the board of directors of Classmates Media Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of the company, from September 2007 to January 2010.
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5 days ago · The first separate school of political science was established in 1872 in France as the École Libre des Sciences Politiques (now the Institut d’Études Politiques). In 1895 the London School of Economics and Political Science was founded in England, and the first chair of politics was established at the University of Oxford in 1912.
