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  1. When Were Knives First Used In Cooking - Yahoo Recipe Search

    Old Widow Walker's Ziploc Omelettes
    Food.com
    Mrs. Walker was my Sunday school teacher and we used to do this in the church kitchen, occasionally. This is my first memory of cooking that I cherish to this day. She keeps her age a closely guarded secret but is rumoured to be 115+ years old and perhaps, immortal. She has out lived three husbands and four children. She is still sharp as the Bowie knife she carries in her purse. I don't know why she carries a Bowie knife in her purse- but she always has. I asked her about it years ago and she said, "You would be surprised how often it comes in handy, Honey." I suppose it does, Mrs. Walker. God bless you. BTW- she is thrilled that I want to pass this on to another generation of schoolchildren. She was surprised that I remembered doing this with her over 35 years ago and was touched. When asked how to do it- she rattled off the instructions faster than I could write! I've eaten this bag-n-boil recipe for 40+ years with no toxicity what-so-ever, obviously. If it was toxic... I would be in too poor of health to type. Google the topic for yourself and make your own judgment. The danger is greatly exaggerated.
    Dad's Half-way Sindhi & Half-way Yellow Rice Pulao
    Food.com
    Dad and I had made Doodhi Chane ki dal(Yellow lentils and white pumpkin lentil curry)on 17th May night for dinner. We wanted to have yellow rice with it as that's the combo that goes "the best", undoubtedly. However, I'd ne'er made the yellow pulao before, so what naturally occurred to me was to use turmeric powder to the rice while cooking the spices(viz. green cardamoms, cloves, bay leaves and cinnamon stick) in it, and then saute the rice lightly in the same pot, followed by water, and then ofcourse bringing it to a boil, then cooking it on a simmer until all the water has been absorbed by the rice. However, when I was thinking along these lines, I remembered I had my mom's recipe book in my recipe collection cupboard. I fetched that and searched for the yellow pulao recipe. Funny as it was, my eyes fell upon a recipe that mom had titled as, "Yellow rice(Sindhi style)". Voila, I was excited as I thought that I'd found the recipe. So, within minutes the knife was set in action and my chopping board was ready with all the required ingredients. Dad and me started cooking the pulao with, let's say, "delicious dreams" of what was to follow 30 minutes later;-). Half-way through the cooking process, we realised we were making the WRONG RECIPE!!!! Zoiks! LOL:)) So, between the main chef and the sous chef(you decide who wears which crown!), we mutually agreed not to use the chopped tomatoes in the pulao(Strange as it is, tomatoes have been giving me a hard time of late, especially when I was in some kind of a catch 22 situation in deciding whether or not to use these in Hyderabadi Biryani I'd made a week ago). The fire was lit, the pot was all set & the cooking process began. What followed 35 minutes later, was UNBELIEVABLE: Dad had prepared the most nicest, aromatic and the prettiest lightest yellow colour pulao I had ever seen! One thing's certain: If the way to a man's heart is through his stomach, it has simply got to be through this pulao. Try it and let me know what you think of this precious recipe(big smiles)
    Warm Tuna and Bean Salad
    Food52
    I like dinners that require assembly, because you can usually make the parts at your own pace and in whatever order you like. Then, when it's time to sit down, most of your work is already done. Assembled dishes also work well for family dinners. When my husband is away, dinner with my kids means the three of us in the kitchen. Two of us must be kept occupied and away from knives. This warm tuna salad proved a formidable match. My five-year-olds scrubbed the potatoes (and whatever else they could get their hands on) and helped shell the beans, giving me time to pull everything else together. The entire dish can be prepared in two pans. Start the potatoes in a medium saucepan. They can be cooked ahead of time, and rewarmed; otherwise cook them first and leave them in a strainer while you finish everything else. Both beans can be blanched in salted water, in the same pot you used for the potatoes, and they can be cooked one after the other. Do the green beans first, scoop them out with a slotted spoon, and then add the cranberry beans. And if you can no longer get fresh cranberry beans, plan ahead and use dried. Then all you have to do -- and all you need to pay attention to -- is the tuna. As it poaches in the oil, the oil soaks up the fragrance of the herbs, garlic, and tuna, making a delicious dressing for the salad. My kids loved the assembly part. One spread the potatoes, another the beans, while I pulled the warm tuna into pieces and spooned the oil over the salad. No whisked dressing is needed. After you dress with the oil, sprinkle with some sherry vinegar, and finish the dish with a flaky salt like Maldon, and some coarsely ground black pepper.
    😋The Most Classic Sticky Rice Ever‼️(Lo Mai Fan 糯米飯)
    Food52
    Ingredient List (Feel free to add your own twist): 20 Oz Glutinous Rice 2 Oz Cured Pork Belly, diced 1 Oz Chinese Sausage, diced 1 Oz Peanuts 1 Oz Dried Scallops, rehydrated and chopped 1 Oz Dried Shrimp, rehydrated and chopped 1 Oz Dried Shiitake Mushrooms, rehydrated and chopped 1 Oz Ginger 2 Oz Green Onion, chopped 1 tablespoons of oyster sauce 1 tablespoon of soy sauce 1/2 tablespoon of dark soy sauce 1 tsp sugar A dash of humor (because cooking should always be fun!) Hey my foodie friends! Welcome back to my cooking channel, where we embark on a culinary journey to excite your taste buds. Among the many videos on YouTube sharing stir-fried glutinous rice, what is the difference between this fried glutinous rice video I shared? Stir-fried glutinous rice is a classic dim sum with a long history in Chinese restaurants. Introduction Traditionally, this cooking method is time-consuming and laborious, similar to how risotto is cooked from raw to cooked. But the videos we often see on YouTube all use a simple and convenient cheat method - first cook the sticky rice and then stir fry it. However, today I devoutly follow the traditional method to share this fried glutinous rice dish, so that everyone can understand the traditional classic raw fried glutinous rice. Of course, at the end of the video, I will also share the simplest and most convenient method with 0 skills, be sure to watch the end. There are many versions of stir-fried glutinous rice recipes on the Internet, and the version we introduce today is chewy glutinous rice with juicy and delicious pork belly, Chinese sausage and surprises that will be discussed later. Glutinous Rice Processing First let's learn the tip of glutinous rice preparation before making traditional stir-fried glutinous rice. Rinse the glutinous rice well and soak it in water for 1 hour. Of course, as usual, we wash the rice three times before soaking. Note that the soaking time of glutinous rice should not be too long, 1-2 hours is the best. After soaking the glutinous rice, use this colander to drain the water. This ensures the rice is plump, happy, and ready to soak up all those delicious flavors later on. This will make it easier to fry glutinous rice. Ingredients Processing Wash the dried shrimp in clean water, and drain. Then, soak the dried shrimp in warm water, which will help them soften up faster than if they were to soak in cold water. Similarly, wash the dried shiitake mushrooms,drain, and then soak in warm water to rehydrate and soften. They should be soft and ready to cut. We'll first cut them into thin slices, then rotate go degrees to dice into small pieces. After prepare dried ingredients, we'll cut cured meats. wait! wait! I still want to remind: do not throw away the water soaking dried ingredients, because it will play an important role in the future. In Guangdong, raw fried glutinous rice is also called La Mei glutinous rice. La Mei is pickled food. Today we use two kinds of preserved meat, lap cheong(chinese sausage)and lap yuk (cured meat). Curing meat with salt was popular in China hundreds of years ago. Although it was to preserve excess food, or to make food transportation more convenient. Now it is specially made for the unique taste of cured meat. In the eyes of Cantonese, glutinous rice without lap cheong is soulless. Chinese sausage is the main ingredient of glutinous rice. Then we started cutting the cured meat. Cured pork belly is very dense, so it's hard to cut through, even with a sharp or heavy knife. Be careful! Make sure that your non-cutting hand is grasping the meat with a claw-like grip, with fingertips tucked under so they don't get bit by a slipping knife. Cut the cured pork belly into strips, and then dice into small pieces. Make the pieces a similar size and shape to the diced mushrooms. Chop the Chinese sausage the same way: cut into strips, then diced into small pieces. If you want to learn more about Cantonese cuisine, please follow our channel. We will share Cantonese cuisine recipes and related knowledge step by step every week. Of course, if you like our video, please like and leave a message to tell us. If your friends like Cantonese cuisine like you, please share our channel and let us explore the delicacy of Cantonese cuisine together. Stir-Fried Ingredients When the ingredients are done prepare, it's time to start stir-frying everything together! Heat your wok or pan on high. When it's hot, or after about 30 seconds, add oil, and give it a swirl to coat. When the oil ripples, or after 40-50 seconds, add all ingredients. Stir-fry the ingredients on low heat for 1-2 minutes, then add minced ginger. Stir-fry for another 30 seconds, until the ingredients turn golden brown and release the aroma and oil, and then scoop everything out and onto a plate. Glutinous rice is traditionally considered to have the effect of warming the stomach. It's also a must-order for dim sum, but it's also very often made at home. We usually eat glutinous rice during the two traditional Chinese solar terms of "Major Cold" and "Minor Cold" to make our bodies feel warm. Great Cold is the last of the 24 solar terms in traditional China, and it is also the coldest day of the year. So on this day, some areas of Guangdong will have the custom of eating glutinous rice. Although the sticky rice is similar to another classic sticky rice chicken, however, Lo Mai Gai has chicken and salted eggs, and is wrapped in lotus leaves and steamed. It's a bit more labor and time - intensive than this Cantonese Sticky Rice, Lo Mai Fan, recipe. Frying Sticky Rice Now once the ingredients is done cooking, we start frying sticky rice. Drain the glutinous rice. After the ingredients are evenly stir-fried, add the glutinous rice directly, and stir to make the rice be coated with the oil released by the ingredients. Then add water 2 tablespoons at a time and stir fry over medium heat. When the water is almost dry, add more water. Repeat the process of stirring and spreading the rice 3 times, adding 2 tablespoons of water each time. After repeating 3 times, try to spread the glutinous rice in a thin layer and cook it evenly over medium heat. Cover and simmer for 3 minutes. After 3 minutes, add rice wine and 2 tablespoons of water, and simmer for another 5 minutes until the rice is fully cooked. After the rice is cooked, Stir-fry and mix everything for 2.5 minutes. Stir well and add seasoning, remembering to taste for yourself and adjust to personal taste. Finally, turn off the heat, add chopped peanuts and chives, and stir well. Stir-fried glutinous rice is not only scrumptious, but it's also a culinary adventure filled with fun and flavor. So go ahead, make it your own, add your twist, and enjoy the stir-fry shimmy in your kitchen. See you next time ! Wait! Wait! I seem to have forgotten something? correct! I would also like to introduce you to one of the simplest and most convenient 0 skills to live with glutinous rice. Let's find out together! You can use an electric rice cooker to cook the glutinous rice first, then mix the fried ingredients into the rice in the rice cooker, stir well with chopsticks and enjoy the deliciousness. Congratulations to you who watched the video here, because you have mastered two different ways to make sticky rice. Yes, this time is really over, it's really time to say goodbye, let's see you next time! Finally, remember to like, share, comment and subscribe to our channel, let's explore the deliciousness of Cantonese cuisine together. Glutinous Rice: Frequently Searched Questions|Do You Understand Everything? Is Sticky Rice Ok For Fried Rice? Another good option for fried rice is Japanese-style sushi rice, which is a short-grain sticky rice. When used to make fried rice, it may stir-fry into clumps because it's so starchy; it will also be chewier in texture compared to the drier, crunchier texture of standard takeout fried rice. What Is The Difference Between Sticky Rice And Glutinous Rice? Hailing from southeast and east Asia, sticky rice – also referred to as glutinous rice or sweet rice – is known for its propensity to be more compact. Rice contains two types of starches: amylose and amylopectin. Should Stir Fry Rice Be Sticky? Fried rice is at its most delicious when it's fluffy and not too sticky. It should have distinct, individual grains. Here are tips to help you make fried rice that tastes as good as it does at your favorite restaurant. Should You Soak Glutinous Rice Before Cooking? Tips for Preparing Sticky rice Sticky rice can be a bit tricky for the inexperienced, here are some important things to note: If possible, soak the rice for 1-2 hours. 2 hours is technically the maximum, but if your rice is old, it maybe extra dry and need more time. Wash sticky rice until the water runs almost clear. Can You Cook Sticky Rice The Same As Regular Rice? Trust me, if you could cook it like regular rice the whole nation of Thailand wouldn't do it any other way. Sticky rice can't absorb much water, and it is not forgiving at all if you add even a bit too much - so cooking it in water willy-nilly can result in mushy rice very easily. When Do Cantonese Eat Sticky Rice? Glutinous rice is traditionally considered to have the effect of warming the stomach. It's also a must-order for dim sum, but it's also very often made at home. We usually eat glutinous rice during the two traditional Chinese solar terms of "Major Cold" and "Minor Cold" to make our bodies feel warm. Great Cold is the last of the 24 solar terms in traditional China, and it is also the coldest day of the year. So on this day, some areas of Guangdong will have the custom of eating glutinous rice.
    Cioppino
    Food52
    When Erin and I first started dating she told me about how she would love if we could cook something together one night. I’ll be honest, I wasn’t too into the idea at first. I tend to be a kitchen Nazi and like things done my way or you aint eating, I’m slowly working on overcoming that. But being that I wanted to make her happy, and we were still in that impressionistic phase, I said “Sure, lets give it a try, what do you have in mind”, with my most reassuring voice. At that point she proceeds to pull out this small pink leather cookbook that her mom had put together for her when Erin moved to NYC and says “Let’s take a look in here!” I was in awe when I opened it. It was a collection of recipes her mom had perfected and written by hand into the pink lined note book. First off I was impressed, the penmanship was out of control, not like my mom’s scribble (we’ll leave that for another time). Second, there were so many different recipes that sounded so good and you can tell they were tried and tested. As we were flipping through it one recipe popped out right away… Cioppino. I looked over at Erin and I just let her know “We are gonna rock through this recipe together tomorrow afternoon!” with the excitement of a fat kid in a candy store. Erin seemed just as excited telling me it was one of her favorite dishes, as it is mine. Just then I realized maybe this wasn’t gonna be so bad after all. The dish originates in San Francisco, it’s beginnings attributed to Istrian & Venetian fisherman who worked the SF Bay and would “chip in” their random scraps of seafood they couldn’t sell at the end of their long days. They took these scraps and would make a spicy tomato based stew that was reminiscent of Istrian & Northern Italian seafood brodetto. Side Note: The most authentic Cioppino is served in SF at Istrian run Tadich Grill, yeah my people are all over this dish. This of course is a match made in heaven for me. Fresh fish, shell fish, spicy broth with just enough of a brine to remind you that this is what the ocean should taste like. That one night was the first of many where we made this dish and started a new tradition of cooking together, although I still won’t let her use the really sharp knives. When we make Cioppino we will go out to a really good fish market together, stock up on fresh fish & shell fish and come right home to get it cooking. I have to say this recipe has become a staple in our house during the winters and early springs. If you like seafood and warm stews this is gonna be your go to after a few tries. Cioppino (Special thanks to Denise Wolf) Before I get into the recipe I want to stress one thing, make sure to buy good quality seafood. Don’t be buying some garbage from Associated, you know that scary half frozen fish wrapped in blue Styrofoam trays. There are plenty of really good fish mongers in Brooklyn. One of my favorites is Carroll Gardens Fish Market. Take the extra time speak to the people in the store, ask them what they have that is the freshest and inspect the fish. Also feel free to substitute for the actual fish part in the recipe. We tend to go with Flounder or Striped Bass, use whatever looks the freshest at the store.
    Mongolian Lamb (or Beef)
    Food52
    This is a dish I had many times in Beijing, and learned to make it from the mother of a good friend there. In Northern China, lamb is used as often as beef is here, and sellers of lamb kabobs can be found on many street corners and alleyways in Beijing, grilling their savory fare. When I returned home it took me about a year before I started having bad cravings for this simple but tasty dish, and found a version of it in Celia Chang's "The Seventh Daughter" and altered it to represent the Beijing style version I knew. Here in the States you may not always find the paper thin sliced lamb you want, so just get a round or flank steak, freeze it almost all of the way, then use a very, very sharp knife to slice the pieces off. I found my thin sliced lamb at Chinatown Market in Savannah and it was just as I remembered it! Other than the slicing, it's a pretty quick dish, very savory with the mellow taste of Shaoxing wine, a clear, pale yellow cooking wine used in many sauces and dishes in China. I'm particular about soy sauce--the first ingredient past water should be SOY BEANS, not caramel color or soy protein. Of course Beijing had many good brands, but here, Kikkoman will do just fine.
    Cherry and Pear Crumble
    Yummly
    This easy recipe turns ripe pears into a luscious, wholesome dessert in no time at all. Crumbly with the goodness of old-fashioned oats, rich with butter, and fragrant with ground cinnamon, this delicious fruit crumble is equally suited to a casual weeknight treat or a pleasing dinner party dessert. ## Why We Love Fruit Desserts Of the many comforting things to come out of an oven, fruit desserts top the list. Crumbles and pies are a great way to use seasonal fruits, and not necessarily only the perfect ones. Fruit desserts can make delicious and economical use of less than perfect-looking fruits — keep your gorgeous, large pears for the fruit bowl; in this luscious pear crumble, the only thing that matters is flavor. Go ahead and use small or medium pears and blemished pears in this dessert. You can trim away any bruises or imperfections as you slice them. As long as your pears are delicious, your crumble will be delicious too. ## Baking With Pears If you've never baked with pears, you’re in for a nice surprise. They are a sophisticated alternative to apples. They have a complex, distinctive flavor, and their unique texture comes through especially well in baked pear desserts. You may discover that you like pears even more than apples in fruit desserts. There are many varieties of pears, and all of them are wonderful. The juicy, green Anjou pear is available much of the year and it's a great baking pear. So is the aromatic Bartlett pear, one of the most commonly cultivated and widely available varieties. Pears are also delicious in winter when many other fruits are out of season. ## Simple Satisfaction This easy dessert recipe delivers all of the pleasure of a pie. It has that same contrast of buttery crispness with luscious, juicy fruit. It smells just as fabulous while it's baking, and it's every bit as delicious. This pear crumble takes much less time to make than a pie does, though. Pie needs a pie crust, which takes patience and finesse. Making a pie also takes up a lot of counter space for rolling out the dough. You don't need much space to make a fruit crumble, and you don't need any special tools or equipment, either. All you need is a medium bowl to combine the oats with the other crumble topping ingredients, a large bowl for the pear mixture, your measuring cups and spoons, and a knife to slice the pears. This makes pear crumble an ideal dessert for small kitchens. It's also perfect for big events, like holidays or dinner parties, when kitchen space is in high demand. ## Wholesome Goodness When you combine oats with all-purpose flour, sugar, cinnamon, and butter, you get a crumble topping with great flavor and texture. Much of the sweetness in this crumble comes from ripe pears, and the cookie-like topping uses a moderate amount of butter, making it relatively low-fat compared to many desserts. Another nice thing about fruit crumbles is that they're easy to customize to your taste and dietary habits. If you like plenty of spice, you could add a pinch of ground nutmeg. You could try substituting brown sugar for part of the white sugar in the crumble topping or sweeten the fruit with some pure maple syrup. You can even make it gluten-free by using only oats and oat flour in place of whole-wheat or all-purpose flour in the crumble topping. ## Ideal For Picnics And Potlucks Crumbles keep well and they're not at all fragile. You can make crumbles well in advance; their thick, cookie-like topping won't soften quickly. They don't need to stay cool, either. Crumbles are delicious served at room temperature. This makes them perfect for picnics or potlucks. You can transport a crumble right in its own baking dish, placed on a flat surface and covered lightly with foil. Not only that, but you can also easily double the recipe if you're serving a crowd. Just make sure to use a large enough baking dish so that the crumble is not too thick and the fruit cooks through nicely. Easy, wholesome and delicious, this may become one of your favorite recipes.
    Ribollita
    Food and Wine
    I chased the flavor of a proper Tuscan ribollita for 17 years until I ate the genuine article again, finally, at Leonti, chef-owner Adam Leonti’s swanky new Italian restaurant in New York City. Leonti’s deeply savory version of the Tuscan bread and bean porridge was even better than the one I remember from a small hillside restaurant in Siena, Italy, so many years ago. (And that ribollita, which I ate on my first visit to Italy, was so perfect and nourishing that it made me forget for an hour that I was wearing my girlfriend’s puffy sweater because the airline had lost my luggage.) Leonti learned how to make ribollita from a restaurateur from Lunigiana, a three-hour drive northwest of Siena, paying close attention to the porridge’s humble elements: grassy-green, peppery olive oil; earthy, rustic bread; small, thin-skinned white beans; and most importantly, sofrito, the finely chopped, slow-cooked mixture of carrots, onions, and celery that gives ribollita its extraordinary flavor.At Leonti, sofrito is the foundation of ragù, and of the hot broth served to guests upon arrival—and it’s such a crucial ingredient that his cooks make about 75 quarts of it a week. Leonti used to laboriously chop his sofrito with a knife by using a rocking motion. “Then I watched Eat Drink Man Woman, and the best part is the beginning, with the Chinese chef chopping with big cleavers,” he recalls. “I thought, ‘That’s the move!’”So, Leonti bought some large cleavers in Chinatown and a wood butcher block and set up a sofrito station in the kitchen, where today his cooks rhythmically chop and break down the whole vegetables into rubble using the same kind of chopping technique I saw a barbecue cook use at Skylight Inn BBQ in Ayden, North Carolina, to break down the meat of whole smoked hogs into a fine mince. The size of the mince matters—the smaller the better—Leonti says, because you’re multiplying the surface area of the vegetables by a thousand-fold. More surface area to caramelize in the pan equals more flavor.When I made Leonti’s ribollita at home in my Birmingham, Alabama, kitchen, I tried the double-cleaver technique but quickly switched to an efficient, two-handledmezzaluna after too many stray bits of onion, carrot, and celery fell to the kitchen floor. I followed his advice and sweated the vegetables in olive oil in a Dutch oven, slowly cooking the mixture, stirring almost as often with a wooden spoon as you would with a roux. After 30 or so minutes, I turned up the heat until I heard that rapid sizzle, signaling that the sofrito was beginning to caramelize, creating a massive amount of flavor. When you build flavor from the bottom of the pot like this, the flavors continue to transform, concentrating even further when you add then reduce aromatic liquids— in Leonti’s case, adding crushed tomatoes and white wine, which cook down to a tomato-wine-sofrito jam full of umami. That flavor base then gets rehydrated with water, then cooks down again with the kale, potatoes, and bread—the latter adds tangy flavor and disintegrates into the soup to add texture. Finally, cooked beans—both whole and pureed—go in, thickening and tightening the soup into a porridge.Leonti serves many of his courses in gold-rimmed Richard Ginori china to frame his food in the Tuscan context. His food is big city fine dining meets cucina povera, the Italian cooking tradition born of necessity that elevates humble ingredients into dishes fit for a king. I asked him about the restaurant’s tightrope walk between high and low. “What is luxury? Luxury to a few is foie gras or truffles,” he says. “But the ultimate luxury is time and space. Those are the two most expensive things on the planet. Ribollita is such an expense of time. It’s the ultimate luxury.”Especially when you’ve spent 17 years searching for a proper recipe. —Hunter LewisCook’s note: Decent bread and canned beans work fine here, but if you shop for the best rustic loaf baked with freshly milled flour you can find, and cook your beans in extra sofrito a day ahead—especially white beans sold byRancho Gordo—your ribollita will go from good to great.
    Bread 101...The Basics
    Yummly
    Think I was 10 years old when I taught myself how to bake bread. I'd already been cooking by that time for the family on a daily basis. This recipe is for Whole Wheat Everyday Bread. Baking bread isn't all that difficult at all! There are some basic steps and techniques to follow. Once you understand those basics, the rest is fun and so rewarding with the way the aroma drifts through the house. After the bread cools down to room temperature who could resist cutting into the loaf and slathering it with a favorite spread, butter or even an herbed butter or, maybe even some olive oil with infused herbs? This is one of my favorite recipes that I've made for many years and the one my kids loved growing up. A nice basic whole wheat bread that works well for sandwiches and for toasting too. This will make 3 smaller loaves or 2 good sized loaves. The bread once fully cooled and after about 6 hours can be frozen very well wrapped and air tight in plastic bags such as these. Use this trick....stick a straw into the bag and suck out the excess air to help preserve the fresh baked flavor. To defrost just leave on the counter overnight. You'll always have fresh bread without running to the store by keeping at least one loaf in the freezer. I prefer the high quality of King Arthur flour for my baking since it's a high quality product which I've used for years. Grandmother always said used unbleached flour and I do follow that advice! The Basics of Bread All ingredients unless noted should be at room temperature Make things easier and more organized by doing mise en place (mess in place - measure and assemble all ingredients and utensils before beginning) Lightly oil the loaf pans during mise en place and set aside. Yeast grows with a bit of sugar and salt will slow the leavening action of the yeast. The ideal temperature for proofing the yeast is 100 - 115° too cool will take a lot longer to rise and too hot can harm the yeast growing. There are usually 2 risings the first in a covered bowl and the second once formed into loaves Bread will rise slightly more after it's in the oven baking. A slit on top of the loaf with help that and keep a free form loaf from expanding the "wrong" way which is sideways. Use a serrated bread knife which is the easiest to make this slit. The slit doesn't have to be deep but just enough to break the surface. Want a crisper crust? Put a shallow pan of water in the oven with the bread when baking. Don't forget to have a cooling rack to fully cool down the loaves or any baked goods to cool. I have used a food processor or my stand mixer to do this but you can also do this by hand so I will list both electrified and old fashioned steps. It's just that simple...so don't let nerves get in the way!