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We survey some of the rich history of control over the past century with a focus on the major milestones in adaptive systems. We review classic methods and examples in adaptive linear systems for both control and observation/identification.
The word adaptation does not stem from its current usage in evolutionary biology but rather dates back to the early 17th century, when it indicated a relation between design and function or how something fits into something else. In biology this general idea has been coopted so that adaptation has three meanings.
Oct 7, 2016 · Studies based on comparison of modern human with Neandertal and Denisovan genomes have found evidence of adaptive archaic haplotypes in genes related to innate immune response, metabolism, and skin phenotypes in ethnically diverse modern human populations [reviewed in ].
- Shaohua Fan, Matthew E. B. Hansen, Yancy Lo, Sarah A. Tishkoff
- 2016
Adaptive evolution—phenotypic improvement due to selection—is the central theme of Darwinian evolutionary biology. The concept of adaptive evolution by selection on heritable variation underlies every evolutionary analysis of form, function, and fitness.
- Comparison of Findings from Previous Reviews to This Review
- Research Context and Methodological Components
- Instructional Design Phases in Adaptive Learning Research
- Adaptive Strategies
- Adaptive Technologies
- Limitations
- Implications and Future Research
In the present study, we examined 61 empirical studies published from 2009 through 2018. By reviewing them, we identified the current trends and patterns of adaptive learning, particularly through the lens of educational research. Similar to previous review studies (Kumar et al. 2017), analysis of this review demonstrated emerging publication trend...
Our analysis revealed that there is an increase in the number of adaptive learning studies conducted within various educational settings; however, there is a need for more studies in diverse contexts. Currently, the majority of the studies were conducted in higher education, and, in terms of country, studies in Taiwan were the most prevalent follow...
The studies in this review were categorized into four groups based on their research focus: (1) needs assessment for adaptive learning, (2) examining learner characteristics in adaptive learning, (3) design and development of adaptive learning systems, and (4) implementation and evaluation of adaptive learning systems. The studies reviewed are dist...
For adaptive strategies, the studies were coded based on the learner, content, and instructional model.
Drawing on the identified adaptive learning techniques, we categorized four types of adaptive learning technologies: (1) adaptive learning system, (2) adaptive learning applications, (3) adaptive teaching approach, and (4) adaptive design solutions. Concurring with previous studies such as Kumar et al. (2017) and •Liu et al.(2017a, b), our analysis...
Limitations of our study are mainly related to the review process. We focused on the data search through two primary educational databases (i.e., Education Research Complete and ERIC) and constrained the search by using “adaptive learning” as the search term, which may have limited the literature selected. Analysis of conference proceedings and dis...
As noted in prior reviews, there is an ongoing need to improve the rigor and diversity of research in adaptive learning. While we show that the number of adaptive learning studies in education continues to grow, there exist numerous opportunities to grow the knowledgebase of adaptive learning research in changing contexts. For example, the vast maj...
- Florence Martin, Yan Chen, Robert L. Moore, Carl D. Westine
- 2020
Aug 24, 2021 · This paper explores the concept of adaptive research design, in which topic, theoretical framing, method, and data are in principle open to adaptation during the research process. The main premise is that adaptations in one element of the research process can trigger changes in other elements.
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Apr 21, 2000 · Adaptive optics is a far more powerful technique, with the potential to image complex faint objects at the theoretical resolution limit. The idea, first set out by Babcock (1), is to restore the waves to their original form before they converge to the focus.
