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The first schools in Ancient Rome arose by the middle of the 4th century BC. In Europe, during the Early Middle Ages, the monasteries of the Roman Catholic Church were the centers of education and literacy, preserving the Church's selection from Latin learning and maintaining the art of writing.
The history of education delves into the evolution of educational practices, systems, and institutions. It explores various key processes, their potential causes and effects, and their interrelations. [150]
- Medieval Period
- Early Modern Period
- Eighteenth Century
- Nineteenth Century
- Balfour and Local Education Authorities
- Butler's Education Act 1944
- Circular 10/65 and Comprehensive Education
- Apprenticeships
- Conservative Governments, from 1979 to 1997
- Labour, from 1997 to 2010
Prior to the arrival of Augustine of Canterbury in England in 597 education was an oral affair, or followed the Roman modelin diaspora and integrated families. The earliest known organized schools in England were connected to the church. Augustine established a church in Canterbury (which later became St Augustine's Abbey) in 598, which included a ...
Endowed schools have a long history. The oldest, having been founded in 597 as a cathedral school, is King's School, Canterbury. Over time a group of the endowed schools became known as "public schools" to differentiate from private teaching by tutors and to indicate that they were open to the public regardless of religious beliefs, locality and so...
In the early years of the Industrial Revolution entrepreneurs began to resist the restrictions of the apprenticeship system,and a legal ruling established that the Statute of Apprentices did not apply to trades that were not in existence when it was passed in 1563, thus excluding many new 18th century industries. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the...
Higher education
University College London was established as the first secular college in England, open to students of all religions (or none), followed by King's College London; the two institutions formed the University of London. Durham University was also established in the early nineteenth century. Towards the end of the century, the "redbrick" universities, new public universities, were founded. Since the establishment of Lady Margaret Hall (Oxford) Bedford College (London), Girton College (Cambridge)...
National schools and British Schools
Prior to the nineteenth century, most schools were run by church authorities and stressed religious education. In the early 19th century the Church of Englandsponsored most formal education until the government established free, compulsory education towards the end of that century. The Church of England resisted early attempts for the state to provide secular education. In 1811, the Anglican National Society for Promoting the Education of the Poor in the Principles of the Established Church i...
Ragged schools
Ragged schools were small charitable organisations dedicated to the free education of destitute children. The schools were developed in working-class districts and intended for society's most impoverished youngsters who, it was argued, were often excluded from Sunday School education because of their unkempt appearance and often challenging behaviour. After a few such schools were set up in the early 19th century by individual reformers, the London Ragged School Unionwas established in April...
Balfour Act of 1902
The controversial Conservative Education Act 1902 (or 'Balfour Act') made radical changes to the entire educational system of England and Wales. It weakened the divide between schools run by the 2,568 school boards and the 14,000 church schools, administered primarily by the Church of England, which educated about a third of children. Local Education Authoritieswere established, which were able to set local tax rates, and the school boards were disbanded. Funds were provided for denominationa...
The Fisher Act of 1918
The Fisher Education Act 1918 made secondary education compulsory up to age 14 and gave responsibility for secondary schools to the state. Under the Act, many higher elementary schools and endowed grammar schools sought to become state funded central schools or secondary schools. However, most children attended elementary (primary, in modern parlance) school until age 14, rather than going to a separate school for secondary education. The act was also known as the "Fisher Act" as it was devis...
Spens and Norwood reports
In 1937 historian G.A.N. Lowndes identified a "Silent Social Revolution" in England and Wales since 1895 that could be credited to the expansion of public education: 1. The contribution which a sound and universal system of public education can make to the sobriety, orderliness and stability of a population is perhaps the most patent of its benefits. What other gains can be placed to its credit?...Can it be claimed that the widening of educational opportunity in the long run repays that cost...
The Education Act 1944 was an answer to surging social and educational demands created by the war and the widespread demands for social reform. It only covered England and Wales, and was drafted by Conservative Rab Butler . Known as "the Butler Act", it defined the modern split between primary education and secondary educationat age 11. The Butler ...
In 1965 the Labour government required all local education authorities to formulate proposals to move away from selection at eleven, replacing the tripartite system with comprehensive schools. This was done by the minister Tony Crosland by means of Circular 10/65and withholding funding from any school that sought to retain selection. This circular ...
High technology industry (Aerospace, Nuclear, Oil & Gas, Automotive, Power Generation and Distribution etc.) trained its professional engineers via the advanced apprenticeship system of learning – usually a 5-year process. The higher Apprenticeship framework in the 1950s, 60s and 70s was designed to allow young people (16 years) an alternative path...
Following the 1979 General Election, the Conservative Party regained power under Margaret Thatcher. In the early period it made two main changes: 1. New Vocationalism was expanded (Labour had made some small efforts beforehand, but the Conservatives expanded it considerably). This was seen as an effort to reduce the high youth unemployment, which w...
New Labour adopted an "Education, Education, Education" slogan in the mid-1990s, but maintained many of the Conservative changes after returning to power after the 1997 general election. The following changes did take place, however: 1. The previous Labour focus on the comprehensive systemwas shifted to a focus on tailoring education to each child'...
Jul 15, 2013 · The history of education in Canada, as in other Western countries, has involved the growth of formal instruction funded by taxes and supervised by the state.
Jun 24, 2024 · We‘ll uncover surprising insights like palace schools in Egypt existing nearly 1500 years before the founding of universities like Oxford. From ancient Mesopotamia to China, we find civilizations independently recognizing the power of structuring education to transmit culture, train young minds and stock administrative ranks.
Oct 21, 2024 · This article discusses the history of education, tracing the evolution of the formal teaching of knowledge and skills from prehistoric and ancient times to the present, and considering the various philosophies that have inspired the resulting systems. Other aspects of education are treated in a number of articles.
Feb 7, 2006 · Within Canada, residents of all ages and circumstances have come to seek and gain access to schools, universities and colleges. Relatively early in Canada's history, attention was directed to making some provision for schooling. Foundations of Present-Day Education Realized Human Potential
