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Vasodilation and increased skin blood flow (in concert with sweating) are essential to heat dissipation during heat exposure and exercise. During cold exposure, vasoconstriction in the skin decreases heat loss from the body and protects against hypothermia.
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- Overview
- What is thermoregulation?
- Internal body temperature
- How does thermoregulation work?
- The takeaway
Thermoregulation refers to how the body maintains its internal temperature. If your body temperature becomes too cold or hot, it may lead to severe symptoms and even death.
Thermoregulation is a process that allows your body to maintain its core internal temperature. All thermoregulation mechanisms help return your body to homeostasis. This is a state of equilibrium.
A typical internal body temperature falls within a narrow window. The average person has a baseline temperature between 98°F (37°C) and 100°F (37.8°C). Your body has some flexibility with temperature. However, getting to the extremes of body temperature can affect your body’s ability to function.
For example, if your body temperature falls lower than 96°F (35°C) or lower, you have hypothermia. This condition can lead to cardiac arrest, brain damage, or even death.
You can experience heat stroke if your body temperature rises above 104°F (40°C). Heat stroke is considered a medical emergency. If your body temperature rises to high, you can experience brain damage or even death.
Many factors can affect your body’s temperature, such as spending time in cold or hot weather.
Factors that can raise your internal temperature include:
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When your internal temperature changes, sensors in your central nervous system send messages to your hypothalamus. In response, it sends signals to various organs and systems in your body. They respond with a variety of mechanisms.
If your body needs to cool down, these mechanisms include:
•Sweating: Your sweat glands release sweat, which cools your skin as it evaporates. This helps lower your internal temperature.
•Vasodilatation: The blood vessels under your skin get wider. This increases blood flow to your skin where it is cooler — away from your warm inner body. This lets your body release heat through heat radiation.
If your body needs to warm up, these mechanisms include:
•Vasoconstriction: The blood vessels under your skin become narrower. This decreases blood flow to your skin, retaining heat near the warm inner body.
If your internal temperature drops or rises outside of the typical range, your body will take steps to adjust it. This process is known as thermoregulation. It can help you avoid or recover from potentially dangerous conditions like hypothermia.
Oct 8, 2021 · Thermoregulation is the biological mechanism responsible for maintaining a steady internal body temperature. The three mechanisms of thermoregulation are efferent responses, afferent sensing, and...
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Aug 12, 2023 · When exposed to extreme temperatures, the body responds to maintain thermal balance: Heat Stress: In hot environments, the body increases blood flow to the skin's surface, promoting heat loss through radiation, conduction, and convection. Sweating increases to enhance evaporative cooling.
Sep 12, 2024 · Can increased blood flow lead to headaches? Changes in blood flow in the brain, along with other chemical changes, may contribute to the development of a headache (most notably a migraine headache). Does your brain swell when you have a headache?
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