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Concepts that are sometimes associated with repression, but which are conceptually different, are also discussed in this paper: The act of suppression, ‘repressed memories,’ habitual suppression, concealment, type C coping pattern, type D personality, denial, alexithymia and blunting.
- Denial
- Repression
- Projection
- Displacement
- Regression
- Sublimation
- Rationalization
- Reaction Formation
- Introjection
- Identification with The Aggressor
Denial is a defense mechanism proposed by Anna Freud which involves a refusal to accept reality, thus blocking external events from awareness. If a situation is just too much to handle, the person may respond by refusing to perceive it or by denying that it exist. As you might imagine, this is a primitive and dangerous defense – no one disregards r...
Repression is an unconscious defense mechanism employed by the ego to keep disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious. Repression, which Anna Freud also called “motivated forgetting,” is just that: not being able to recall a threatening situation, person, or event. Thoughts that are often repressed are those that would result in fee...
Projection is a psychological defense mechanism proposed by Anna Freud in which an individual attributes unwanted thoughts, feelings and motives onto another person. Projection, which Anna Freud also called displacement outward, is almost the complete opposite of turning against the self. It involves the tendency to see your own unacceptable desire...
Displacement is the redirection of an impulse (usually aggression) onto a powerless substitute target. The target can be a person or an object that can serve as a symbolic substitute. Displacement occurs when the Id wants to do something which the Superego does not permit. The Ego thus finds some other way of releasing the psychic energy of the Id....
Regression functions as a form of retreat, enabling a person to psychologically go back in time to a period when the person felt safer.
Sublimation is similar to displacement, but takes place when we manage to displace our unacceptable emotions into behaviors which are constructive and socially acceptable, rather than destructive activities. Sublimation is one of Anna Freud’s original defense mechanisms. Sublimation for Freud was the cornerstone of civilized life, as arts and scien...
Rationalization is a defense mechanism proposed by Anna Freud involving a cognitive distortion of “the facts” to make an event or an impulse less threatening. We do it often enough on a fairly conscious level when we provide ourselves with excuses. But for many people, with sensitive egos, making excuses comes so easy that they never are truly awar...
Reaction formation, which Anna Freud called “believing the opposite,” is a psychological defense mechanism in which a person goes beyond denial and behaves in the opposite way to which he or she thinks or feels. Conscious behaviors are adopted to overcompensate for the anxiety a person feels regarding their socially unacceptable unconscious thought...
Introjection, sometimes called identification, involves taking into your own personality characteristics of someone else, because doing so solves some emotional difficulty. Introjection is very important to Freudian theory as the mechanism by which we develop our superegos.
Identification with the aggressor is a defense mechanism proposed by Sandor Ferenczi and later developed by Anna Freud. It involves the victim adopting the behavior of a person who is more powerful and hostile towards them. By internalizing the behavior of the aggressor the “victim” hopes to avoid abuse, as the aggressor may begin to feel an emotio...
Repression is a key concept of psychoanalysis, where it is understood as a defense mechanism that "ensures that what is unacceptable to the conscious mind, and would if recalled arouse anxiety, is prevented from entering into it."
May 26, 2024 · In psychology, repression refers to the unconscious mechanism by which the mind prevents certain thoughts, memories, or feelings from entering conscious.
Aug 18, 2020 · In this paper, I have carefully reviewed Freud’s concept of repression, breaking down my discussion into three sections: (1) basic features of repression, (2) four binaries in the concept of repression, and (3) repression and various neurotic disorders.
- Salman Akhtar
- salman.akhtar@jefferson.edu
- 2020
Jan 1, 2020 · Repression is a central concept in classical psychoanalysis and provides the basis for explaining psychopathology in terms of psychodynamic processes (unconscious mental processes, conflict, and defense).
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Jul 25, 2007 · Concepts that are sometimes associated with repression, but which are conceptually different, are also discussed in this paper: The act of suppression, ‘repressed memories,’ habitual suppression, concealment, type C coping pattern, type D personality, denial, alexithymia and blunting.
