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The heart wall is composed of three layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. Location of the heart in the mediastinum. The superficial epicardium is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium. The middle layer is the myocardium and is composed mainly of cardiac muscle and forms the bulk of the heart.
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Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What side of the heart pumps blood through the systemic circulation?, Pathological death of cells or tissues is termed ___, The atria of the heart are separated by a thin muscle wall called the interatrial ___ and more.
Nov 10, 2024 · These chambers are separated by valves and muscular septa, which direct blood flow and maintain efficient circulation. The heart wall is composed of three layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. External Anatomy of the Heart. Apex and Base: The apex of the heart is the pointed lower tip that is oriented downward and to the left. It ...
Nov 3, 2023 · The myocardium is functionally the main constituent of the heart and the thickest layer of all three heart layers. It is a muscle layer that enables heart contractions. Histologically, the myocardium is comprised of cardiomyocytes .
- Heart anatomy. The heart has five surfaces: base (posterior), diaphragmatic (inferior), sternocostal (anterior), and left and right pulmonary surfaces. It also has several margins: right, left, superior, and inferior
- Heart valves. Heart valves separate atria from ventricles, and ventricles from great vessels. The valves incorporate two or three leaflets (cusps) around the atrioventricular orifices and the roots of great vessels.
- Blood flow through the heart. The blood flow through the heart is quite logical. It happens with the heart cycle, which consists of the periodical contraction and relaxation of the atrial and ventricular myocardium (heart muscle tissue).
- Coronary circulation. The heart must also be supplied with oxygenated blood. This is done by the two coronary arteries: left and right. Heart muscles work constantly (thank goodness!)
Figure 6.1.1 shows the position of the heart within the thoracic cavity. Within the mediastinum, the heart is separated from the other mediastinal structures by a tough membrane known as the pericardium, or pericardial sac, and sits in its own space called the pericardial cavity.
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The atria and ventricle on each side of the heart are linked together by valves that prevent backflow of blood. The wall that separates the left and right side of the heart is called the septum. The left heart deals with systemic circulation, while the right heart deals with pulmonary circulation.