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Harry Wexler
- In 1955, Harry Wexler was named chief scientist for the US expedition to Antarctica for the 1957/58 International Geophysical Year (IGY). While the world watched the skies to catch a glimpse of Russia's first Sputnik, Harry Wexler and his team scrutinised the south polar skies to understand their dynamics.
www.esa.int/About_Us/ESA_history/Harry_Wexler_Father_of_weather_satellites
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- Vanguard 2
- Television Infrared Observational Satellite
- Nimbus
- Environmental Science Services Administration Satellite Program
- Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites
- Applications Technology Satellite
- Synchronous Meteorological Satellite
- Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
- Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
The first weather satellite, Vanguard 2, was launched on February 17, 1959 as part of the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. Vanguard 2 was designed to measure cloud cover distribution over the daylight portion of its orbit and to provide information on the density of the atmosphere for the 300-odd year lifetime of its orbit...
Television InfraRed Observational Satellite or TIROS program proved the usefulness of satellite weather observation at a time when military reconnaissance satellites were secretly in development or use. TIROS-1 was launched on April 1, 1960 and is considered to be the first successful weather satellite in history. It is the first satellite capable ...
The Nimbus series were seven satellites launched over a 14 years from 1964 to 1978 and revolutionized weather forecasting by providing some of the first consistent global measurements of the earth. Over 20 years since Nimbus-1 was launched, it was the primary research and development platform for satellite remote-sensing of the earth in the US. NAS...
The ESSA or Environmental Science Services Administration Satellite Program was initiated as an extension of the TIROS Program. ESSA-1 was launched on 3 February 1966 and operated normally until 6 October 1966 when its camera system failed. It was fully deactivated on 8 May 1967. For four years, ESSA satellites transmitted thousands of images back ...
Polar-orbiting operational environmental satellites or POES stretch back to 1978 when the first modern weather satellite TIROS-N was launched. TIROS-N was operated for 868 days until deactivated by NOAA on February 27, 1981. Polar orbiting satellites such as QuikScat and TRMM began to relay wind information near the ocean’s surface starting in the ...
The geostationary satellites followed beginning with the Applications Technology Satellite or ATS program in the late 1960s. The overall objective was to investigate and flight-test technological developments common to a number of satellite applications. The ATS series had a total of six satellites carrying out a variety of communications, meteorol...
The Synchronous Meteorological Satelliteor SMS was a program whereNASA developed twoweather satellites – SMS-1 and SMS-2. SMS-1 was launched May 17, 1974 andSMS-2 was launched February 6, 1975. The prgram was a direct result of the successes achieved by the ATS program that demonstrated the feasibility of using satellites in geosynchronous orbit fo...
The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite(GOES) series followed immediately after the SMS program in the 1970s. In fact SMS-3 went operational as GOES-1 on October 16, 1975. SMS-1, SMS-2 andGOES-1,GOES-2, andGOES-3 were essentially identical. The GOES is operated by the United States‘ National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Informat...
The Defense Meteorological Satellite Programor DMSP is an originally classified mission revealed in March 1973. It is managed by the Air Force Space Command with on-orbit operations provided by the NOAA. It monitors meteorological, oceanographic, and solar-terrestrial physics for theUnited States Department of Defense. They provide cloud cover imag...
Nov 20, 2019 · The legacy. NASA launched 10 TIROS satellites in total, with each carrying increasingly advanced instruments and technology. By 1965, meteorologists combined 450 TIROS images into the first global...
TIROS proved extremely successful, providing the first accurate weather forecasts based on data gathered from space. TIROS began continuous coverage of the Earth's weather in 1962, and was used by meteorologists worldwide.
Apr 1, 2021 · On April 1, 1960, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched TIROS-1, the world’s first successful meteorological satellite. The TIROS-1 satellite. Credit: NASA. Nearly 63 years ago, on October 4, 1957, the former Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to be successfully placed in orbit around Earth.
Apr 1, 2020 · On April 1, 1960,10 years before NOAA was established, NASA launched the Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS-1), which aimed to view weather patterns from space orbit for the first time in history.
Jan 18, 2015 · The astronomer John Herschel, the son of William Herschel (the discoverer of infrared radiation and the planet Uranus), appears to be the earliest to use terms similar to space weather. Writing in 1847 of his observations of sunspots, he uses “solar meteorology” and makes an analogy to terrestrial meteorology [ Herschel, 1847 ].
