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Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching down on 15 December 1970. Pioneer Venus 2 contained the first spacecraft to land from the United States, the Day Probe. It soft landed on 9 December 1978.
Venera 7. Model of Venera 7 lander in the Cosmos Pavilion, VDNKh. The Venera 7 probe, launched in August 1970, was the first one designed to survive Venus's surface conditions and to make a soft landing.
NameModelMissionLaunch1VA No. 1Flyby4 February 19611VA No. 2Flyby12 February 19612MV-1 No.1Atmospheric probe25 August 19622MV-1 No.2Atmospheric probe1 September 1962- Shrouded in Secrecy
- Early Venus Exploration
- Venera 13
- A Brief But Impactful Visit to Venus
- Landing on Venus Again
Documentation on the Venera program is sparse because it took place in the former Soviet Union. More formally known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics at the time, the country was the predecessor of today's Russia and surrounding nations. The union dissolved into independent states in 1991. Unlike the United States' public space program, th...
The primary goal of the Venera program was to learn more about the planet Venus. Astronomers once saw the planet as Earth's twin, and some science fiction writers fantasized about advanced life living below Venus' clouds. [The 10 Weirdest Facts About Venus] Today, we understand that the planet is a hothouse of pressure-filled atmosphere, capable of...
Venera 13 launched on Oct. 30, 1981, aboard a Proton rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome (located in today's Kazakhstan). The spacecraft carried several instruments on board, including spectrometers, a drill and surface sampler, and a panoramic camera. After a four-month journey to Venus, the spacecraft descended through the planet's atmosphere, pl...
For its 2 hours working on the surface, Venera 13 did a lot of science, if one were to judge by the standards of the time. It snapped a panorama of images with its camera, sending back 14 color photographs and another eight in black and white. The color images from the spacecraft are widely used today in books, magazine articles and websites about ...
Other spacecraft have visited Venus since the Venera series, but all of them were orbiters or flyby missions. The Soviet Union's Vega 1 and Vega 2 both flew by in the 1980s. NASA sent the Magellan spacecraft in 1989, which produced the first high-resolution global map of the surface. The European Space Agency's Venus Express orbited the planet betw...
- Mariner 2 — first successful Venus flyby (1962) Mariner 2 was the first successful mission not only to Venus, but to any other planet. It made a flyby of Venus on Dec.
- Venera 4 — atmosphere probe (1967) Venera 4 was a Soviet Union spacecraft that was the first to successfully transmit information from the atmosphere of Venus.
- Mariner 5 — flyby (1967) Mariner 5 was a NASA spacecraft that made its closest approach to Venus on Oct. 19, 1967. The spacecraft measured magnetic fields on Venus and in interplanetary space, and it examined charged particles, plasma (superheated gas), ultraviolet emissions and the amount by which radio waves are refracted in the atmosphere of Venus.
- Veneras 5 and 6 — atmosphere probes (1969) The Soviet Union's Venera 5 and 6 spacecraft were identical twin machines that each did successful flybys of Venus in 1969.
- Venus Express. The European Space Agency's Venus Express studied the planet's ionosphere and atmosphere, enabling scientists to draw important conclusions about the surface.
- MESSENGER. NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft flew past Venus twice on its way to Mercury.
- Cassini-Huygens. NASA and the European Space Agency's Cassini-Huygens mission visited Venus twice during its long trek out to Saturn.
- Magellan. NASA's Magellan orbiter mapped over 98% of Venus at a resolution of 100 meters or better using its radar.
First view and clear image of the surface of Venus, taken by the Venera 9 lander on October 22, 1975. The lander was encased in a spherical shell before landing to help protect it from the heat of entry as it slowed from 10.7 kilometres per second (6.6 mi/s) to 150 metres per second (490 ft/s).
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Aug 4, 2009 · Venera 9 landed on the surface of Venus on October 22, 1975 and operated on the surface of Venus for 53 minutes. It sent back the first images ever captured from the surface of Venus. Venera 10...
