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Islam. This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [1] though not by Muslims. [2][3][4]
- Coffee
- The Flying Machine
- Algebra
- Hospitals
- Modern Optics
- Surgery
- Universities
- The Crank
- Bowed Instruments
Yemen is where the ubiquitous dark bean brew has its origins from around the 9th century. In its early days, coffee assisted Sufis and Mullahs to stay up during late nights of religious devotion. It was later brought to Cairo in Egypt by a group of students. By the 13th century, coffee had reached Turkey, but it wasn’t until 300 years later that th...
Although Leonardo Da Vinci is associated with early designs for flying machines, it was Andalusian-born astronomer and engineer Abbas ibn Firnas who first constructed a flying device, and technically flew it, in the 9th century. Firnas’ design consisted of a winged apparatus made of silk that fitted around a man like a bird costume. During a botche...
The word algebra comes from the title of the 9th-century book Kitab al-Jabra, by Persian mathematician and astronomer Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi. The pioneering work translates as a tome of reasoning and balancing by the man who became known as the ‘father of algebra’. Al-Khwarizmi was also the first individual to introduce the mathematical con...
What we now view as modern centres of health – providing medical treatments, training and study – first emerged in 9th-century Egypt. The very first medical centre is thought to have been constructed in Cairo in 872 by Ahmad ibn Tulun, the ‘Abbasid governor of Egypt’. Ahmad ibn Tulun Hospital, as it is known, provided free care for all – a policy b...
Around the year 1000, the physicist and mathematician Ibn al-Haytham proved the theory that humans see objects by light reflecting off them and entering the eye. This radical view went against the established theory at the time that light was emitted from the eye itself and pioneered centuries of scientific study into the human eye. Al-Haytham also...
Born in 936, court physician Al Zahrawi, from southern Spain, published a 1,500 page illustrated encyclopaedia of surgery techniques and tools titled Kitab al Tasrif. The book went on to be used as a medical reference tool in Europe for 500 years. Alongside his surgical investigations, he developed surgical tools for C-sections and cataract surgeri...
The first university in the world was the University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco. It was founded by Fatima al-Fihri, a Muslim woman from Tunisia. The institution first emerged as a mosque in 859, but later grew into the al-Qarawiyyan mosque and university. It still operates 1200 years later and is a reminder that learning is at the core of the...
The hand-operated crank is thought to have first been used in ancient China. The device led to the emergence, in 1206, of the revolutionary crank and connecting rod system, which converted rotary motion into a reciprocating one. First documented by Ismail al-Jazari, a scholar, inventor and mechanical engineer in what is now Iraq, it assisted with t...
Among many instruments that arrived in Europe through the Middle East are the lute and the Arabian rabab, the first known bowed instrument and an ancestor of the violin, which was played widely in Spain and France in the 15th century. Modern musical skills are also said to have derived from the Arabic alphabet.
- Richard Bevan
There were three main groups of early converts to Islam: younger brothers and sons of great merchants; people who had fallen out of the first rank in their tribe or failed to attain it; and the weak, mostly unprotected foreigners. [10] Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq; 6 First Muslim Martyr/first Muslim to be killed: Sumayyah bint Khabbab: 615 [11] [9]
N.Record, Milestone Or AchievementDateNoteworthy Facts1.Muhammad's first revelation: Quran 96:1–5 ...610 [1][2][3][4]According to Islamic tradition, during ...2.First Muslim Female convert: Khadija [5]610 [5]When Muhammad reported his first ...3.First Muslim Male convert: Ali Ibn Abi ...610 [6]Ali, is said to have supported Muhammed ...4Earliest Muslim Adult Male converts: Zayd ...610One account in Tabari says that the first ...An Arabic manuscript, dated 1200 CE, titled Anatomy of the Eye, authored by al-Mutadibih. Ophthalmology was one of the foremost branches in medieval Islamic medicine.The oculist or kahhal (کحال), a somewhat despised professional in Galen's time, was an honored member of the medical profession by the Abbasid period, occupying a unique place in royal households.
The Nation of Islam is created in the U.S. by W. D. Fard. It is based on some Islamic ideas, but contains innovations, such as the appointment or declaration of Elijah Muhammad as a prophet. 1948 C.E.
Early Islamic medical book about the human eye. It is a 12th century copy of a book written in the 9th century. Hospitals were built in cities like Baghdad, Isfahan and Cairo in the early Islamic ...
October 2001. Born in Mecca, in western Arabia, Muhammad (ca. 570–632), last in the line of Judeo-Christian prophets, received his first revelation in 610. Muslims believe that the word of God was revealed to him by the archangel Gabriel in Arabic, who said, “Recite in the name of thy Lord …” (Sura 96). These revelations were ...
